Alcohols analysis

The LGC (see also Chapter 3) is unique in the UK and carries out analytical work for a number of government departments. Broadly speaking, the LGC has four major functions (a) to carry out routine analysis for other government departments, (b) to advise those departments on chemical matters, (c) to carry out statutory obhgations such as alcohol analysis in beers, wines and spirits and (d) to carry out research into analytical chemistry to support these other functions. These functions are directed in part by UK laws, but increasingly by directives from the European Commission in Brussels. Some of the tasks of the LGC are outhned in Table 1.1. 

Domarfska, U., Pobudkowska, A., and Wi niewska, A., Solubility and excess molar properties of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate, or l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate, or l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsul-fate ionic liquids with n-alkanes and alcohols analysis in terms of the PFP and FBT models, /. Solution Chem., 35, 311,2006. 

Breath alcohol analysis for drink-and-driving legislation... 

Gas analytical instruments for vehicle exhaust emission surveillance, evidential breath alcohol analysis in road traffic and calorific value determination of fuel gases are subject to legal control and require type approval and initial and subsequent verification. The national standards required in this part of gas analysis are provided by BAM. PTB uses in-house standards prepared by dynamic blending to ensure traceability of its type approval... 

Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure. Hepatology 1995 22 762-777. 

A 24-year-old female developed blistering sun-sensitive dermatosis. A medical history revealed that she was taking birth control pills and consumed moderate amounts of alcohol. Analysis of urine showed the presence of uroporphyrins, and... 

Paar, Austria (www.anton-paar.com) Panametrics (www.panametncs.com) Alcohol meter Sound velocity and density Pulse ultrasound instrumentation Alcohol analysis Yes Yes... 

Two s ples of blood are needed as a minimum requirement in postmortem cases. One sample is of at least 30ml, impreserved, from an identified source in the body, e.g. femoral vein. Fluid scooped fi om a body cavity must not be used instead. The second sample is 2 to 5 ml preserved with at least 1% of sodium fluoride, and is primarily for alcohol analysis. Blood samples should be tiioroughly mixed with tiie preservative to ensme tiiat it has all dissolved—a quick shake will not do. 

Results obtained in a constant-pressure semi-batch reactor in which synthesis gas was supplied on demand are listed in Table 5.2. The analytical accuracy is said to be within 0.002 M. [Before alcohol analysis the samples were hydrogenated to convert any residual aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols.] At the resulting constant partial pressures of CO and H2 in the reactor and with very good gas-liquid mass transfer, the CO and H2 concentrations in the liquid remain constant and the rate depends only on the propene concentration (see pseudo-orders, Section 3.3.2). 

Alkenes from Alcohols Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography... 

Cooper S. 1981. Infrared breath alcohol analysis following inhalation of gasoline fumes. J Anal Toxicol 5 198-199. 

During the period of active alcohol absorption (30 to 120 minutes before peak venous blood alcohol concentration), the alcohol concentration in arterial blood may be higher than that in peripheral venous blood. Consequently, breath alcohol concentration may also be higher than that in venous blood during this absorption phase, because end-expiratory air equilibrates with pulmonary arterial blood. The potential consequences of performing breath alcohol analysis during the absorption phase have been the subject of considerable debate. ... 

Purge trap is hardly used for alcohol analysis due to the poor transfer of such compounds to the gas phase. However, Bianchi et al. [36] reported the lowest LOD published for TBA so far (2.5 ng L ) using P T-GC/MS. This LOD is at least two orders of magnitude lower than all previously reported values for water analysis, therefore confirmation of this value in independent studies and in the measurement of real samples will help to ensure its validity. 

It has been observed in agreement with Gon Seo and coworkers [5] that in the gas-phase hydrogenation of furfural the products formed are 2-methyl-furan, furfUryl alcohol and (at higher temperatures) traces of tetrahydro-furfuryl alcohol. Analysis with GLC-MS showed that in the hydrogenation over the (un)promoted platinum catalysts used in this study besides 2-methyl-furan also furan was formed. Resinous material and ring-decomposed products, like 1-pentanol and 1,5-pentadiol, can also be foimd in liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction [3]. The study of Gon Seo et al. concerned the role of copper in various copper-chromium oxides and in Pd-CuY and Ni-CuY zeolite catalysts. The... 

Zhu JH, Zhang X, McClung JP, I-ei XG (2006) Impact of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 knockouts on acetaminophen-induced cell death and related signaling in murine liver. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 231(11) 1726-1732 Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC (1995) Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol analysis of instances of th apeutic misadventure. Hepatology 22 (3) 767-773... 

Olive oil is often illegally adulterated with other less expensive vegetable oils. Oils widely used for this purpose include olive pomace oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and poppy seed oil. °° Among the varions chemical and physical methods employed toward the detection of the adulteration of olive oil by low-grade olive oils and seed oils are (a) Sterol analysis (presence of stigmasterol and 3-sitosterol), (b) alkane analysis (C27, C29, and C31), (c) wax and aliphatic alcohol analysis, (d) fatty acids/(with HPLC) trans fatty acid, and (e) Triacylglycerol. 

This colour change is the principle on which the breath analyser operates. Instrumental methods of breath alcohol analysis have recently been reviewed [24]. Enzymatic methods are usually based on alcohol dehydrogenase which catalyses the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde ... 

Brown, D.J. Long, W.Ch. (1988). Quality control in blood alcohol analysis simultaneous quantitation and confirmation. Journal of analytical toxicology. 12, 279-283. 

Jones, AW. Schuberth, J. (1989) Computer aided headspace gas chromatography applied to blood alcohol analysis importance of online process control. Journal of forensic science. 34,5,1116-1127. 

Senkowski, C.M. Thompson K. A. 1990). The accuracy of blood alcohol analysis using gas chromatography when performed on clotted samples. Journal of forensic science. 35, 1,176-180. 

Breath alcohol analysis is also useful for diagnostic purposes especially at the emergency room. Based on bedside results of breath alcohol tests, emergency doctors can determine whether observed symptoms, signs, or injuries are drinking-related. 

---