Alcohol naltrexone

Alcohol, Naltrexone is a p-opioid receptor antagonist first synthesized in the opioid 1960s. Naltrexone was approved by the FDA for the treatment of opioid addiction treatment in 1984 and alcohol addiction in 1994 [247]. Naltrexone blocks the euphoric effects of opioids by binding competitively to opioid receptors, but does little to curb craving for opioids. Because naltrexone is an opioid antagonist there is little risk of abuse or dependence given that it does not have intrinsic opiate effects and therefore is not reinforcing [248]. [Pg.594]

OPRM1 p-Opioid receptor rsl799971 (A118G) Alcohol Naltrexone... [Pg.596]

Opioidergic agents. Naltrexone and nalmefene, opioid antagonists with no intrinsic agonist properties, have been studied for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Naltrexone has been studied much more extensively than nalmefene for this indication. In 1984 naltrexone was approved by the FDA for the treatment of opioid dependence, and in 1994 it was approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Nalmefene is approved in the United States as a parenteral formulation for the acute reversal of opioid effects (e.g., after opioid overdose or analgesia). [Pg.22]

Using a primary-care model of treatment, O Malley et al. (2003) initially treated alcohol-dependent patients with open-label naltrexone for 10 weeks, in combination with either CBT or primary care management (PCM), a less intensive, supportive approach. They found no effect of psychosocial treatment on response to treatment, although CBT was associated with a lower risk of drinking. Treatment responders from this study were then randomly assigned to one of two placebo-controlled 24-week continuation studies in... [Pg.25]

Acamprosate. Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate), an amino acid derivative, affects both GABA and excitatory amino acid (i.e., glutamate) neurotransmission (the latter effect most likely being the one that is important for its therapeutic effects in alcoholism). Initially evaluated in a singlecenter trial in France, acamprosate was shown to be twice as effective as placebo in reducing the rate at which alcoholic patients returned to drinking (Lhuin-tre et al. 1985). The safety and efficacy of the medication have been studied most widely in Europe, and three of these studies provided the basis for the recent approval of acamprosate by the FDA for clinical use in the United States. As with naltrexone, there exist a number of meta-analytic studies that provide consistent evidence of the efficacy of the medication in the treatment of alcohol dependence. [Pg.28]

In general, with the exception of the central role that benzodiazepines play in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, the use of medications that have been approved for alcoholism rehabilitation remains very limited. A survey of nearly 1,400 addiction physicians showed that they prescribed disulfiram to only 9% of their alcoholic patients and that naltrexone was prescribed for only slightly higher proportion of patients (13%) (Market al. 2003). These tesults contrast with findings for antidepressants, which were prescribed to 44% of alcoholic patients. Although neatly all of these physicians had heatd of both disulfiram and naltrexone, their self-reported level of knowledge of these medications was much lowet than that of antidepressants. [Pg.39]

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Littleton J, Zieglgansberger W Pharmacological mechanisms of naltrexone and acamprosate in the prevention of relapse in alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 12 (suppl 1) S3-S11,2003... [Pg.49]

Petrakis IL, O Malley S, Rounsaville B, et al Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptic treatment in alcohol abusing patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 172 291-297, 2004... [Pg.51]

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Streeton C, Whelan G Naltrexone, a relapse prevention maintenance treatment of alcohol dependence a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Alcohol Alcohol 36 544-552, 2001... [Pg.53]

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