Alcohol ethoxylates isolation

Nonionic surfactants like alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) and their biodegradation products alkylphenol diethoxylate (AP2EO), alkylphenol monoethoxylate (APIEO), and AP are isolated from aqueous solutions with a number of different stationary phases. Kubeck et al. ° used C18 cartridges to adsorb NPEO, but first the water samples were passed through a mixed-bed ion exchange resin to remove all ionic species. Eor SPE of alcohol ethoxylates (AEO) C8 cartridges have been successfully applied from which the surfactants were eluted with methanol followed by... 

Newsome, C. S., D. Howes, S. J. Marshall, R. A. van Egmond, Fate of anionic and alcohol ethoxylate surfactants in Carassius auratus, Tenside Surfactants, Deterg., 1995,32, 498-503. Tolls, J., M. Haller, D. T. H. M. Sijm, Extraction and isolation of LAS and its sulfophenylcar-boxylic acid metabolites from fish. Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 5242-5247. 

The amount of residual sulfonate ester remaining after hydrolysis can be determined by a procedure proposed by Martinsson and Nilsson [129], similar to that used to determine total residual saponifiables in neutral oils. Neutrals, including alkanes, alkenes, secondary alcohols, and sultones, as well as the sulfonate esters in the AOS, are isolated by extraction from an aqueous alcoholic solution with petroleum ether. The sulfonate esters are separated from the sultones by chromatography on a silica gel column. Each eluent fraction is subjected to saponification and measured as active matter by MBAS determination measuring the extinction of the trichloromethane solution at 642 nra. (a) Sultones. Connor et al. [130] first reported, in 1975, a very small amount of skin sensitizer, l-unsaturated-l,3-sultone, and 2-chloroalkane-l,3-sultone in the anionic surfactant produced by the sulfation of ethoxylated fatty alcohol. These compounds can also be found in some AOS products consequently, methods of detection are essential. 

More remarkably, the reaction forming the Mn-Pt species is unique among the compounds 144-149 in that three other metallacarborane products were also isolated from this system alone. These are two 12-vertex species, [l-Ph-2,2,2-(CO)3-7-X-8,8-dppe-/iyperc/oAo-8,2,l-PtMnCBgHg] pC = H (150), OEt (151)], and the complex [3,6,7- Mn(CO)3 -3,7-(p-H)2-l-Ph-6,6-dppe-c/oio-6,l-PtCBgH6] (152) formed by cluster contraction. Subsequent studies confirmed that the ethoxylated compound 151 is formed by reaction of 146 with adventitious EtOH present in the precursor 129. Indeed, treatment of 146 with other alcohols ROH afforded similar species [l-Ph-2,2,2-(CO)3-7-OR-8,8-dppe-/z3y crc/oA o-8,2,l-PtMnCBgHg] [R = Me (153), (CH2)20H (154), (CH2)40H (155)] with, surprisingly, only mono-cage products observed when diols were used as substrates. All of the alkoxy-substituted compounds 151 and 153-155 are relatively stable and do not react further, whereas... 

Despite the anomalies, one key point does emerge when this work is compared with alcoholysis studies. Ethanolysis lignin has a much higher ethoxyl content than diethoxypropane lignin (spruce ethanolysis lignin contains 14.6% ethoxy (J, < )), and this is additional proof that lignin isolated by acetals is different from lignin isolated by alcohols. 

The wear comfort of a fiber is determined by its softness, thermal isolation properties, water uptake, and permeability properties. The more or less hydrophobic synthetic fibers are consequently hydrophilized to improve wear comfort. The hydrophilization should increase dampness uptake, improve softness, decrease the tendency to soil, and reduce electrostatic charging. In high-grade finishing, the fibers or weaves are treated for this purpose with ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amides, or with quaternary ammonium or sulfonium derivatives. Alternatively, the fibers can be hydrophilized by grafting with, for example, acrylamide or methacrylic acid. 

Molecular distillation of an ethoxylated C12/C14 alcohol reaction mixture was possible up to about the 4-mole ethoxylate, but each fraction contained a mixture of diiferent alkyl chain lengths and varying degree of ethoxylation, as well as also containing PEG (6). Similar results were obtained for fatty acid esters of decanol, glycerol, and sorbitan (5). Thus, distillation is only suitable for preliminary sample workup, not for isolation of pure compounds. 

Isolation from water of alkoxy-lated nonionics AE, NPE, PEG, acid ethoxylates, sorbi-tan ester ethoxylates, E/P copolymers, E/P adducts of alcohols, PPG Anion exchange resin in the cobal-tithiocyanate form, 15 x 200 mm 1 L or more of sample is passed through the column surfactant is eluted with 50 mL MeOH, EtOH, or 2-PrOH. 207... 

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