Cannabinoids alcohol

Himter, C. E., R. J. Lokan, M. C. Longo, J. M. White and M. A. White (1998). The prevalence and role of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants in non-fatal crashes. Forensic Science, Department for Administrative and Information Services. Adelaide, Southern Australia. 

Sanofi-Synthelabo researchers discovered pyrazole 53 and analogs to have potent Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist activity and have progressed 53 into development for treatment of obesity and alcohol dependence. The synthesis of 53 was accomplished by heating the diketone sodium salt 51 with the aryl hydrazine hydrochloride in acetic acid to provide the intermediate 52, which was further derivatized... 

Cornelius JR, Salloum IM, EhlerJG, et al Fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics a doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 700—705, 1997 Cornelius JR, Salloum IM, Haskett RF, et al Fluoxetine versus placebo for the marijuana use of depressed alcoholics. Addict Behav 24 111—114, 1999 Cui S-S, Bowen RC, Gu G-B, et al Prevention of cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome by lithium involvement of oxytocinergic neuronal activation. J Neurosci 21 9867— 9876, 2001... 

Teesson M, Lynskey M, Manor B, et al The psychometric properties of BSM-IV cannabis use disorders. Brug Alcohol Bepend 68 235—262, 2002 Tsou K, Patrick SL, Walker JM. Physical withdrawal in rats tolerant to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol precipitated by a cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 280 R13-R15, 1995... 

Childers SR, Breivogel CS. (1998). Cannabis and endogenous cannabinoid systems. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 51(1-2) 173-87. 

Tramposch A, Sangdee C, Franz DN, Karler R, Turkanis SA. (1981). Cannabinoid-induced enhancement and depression of cat monosynaptic reflexes. Neuropharmacology. 20(6) 617-21. Tripathi FIL, Vocci FJ, Brase DA, Dewey WL. (1987). Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain. Alcohol Drug Res. 7(5-6) 525-32. 

Cannon CM, Palmiter RD (2003) Reward without dopamine, J Neurosci 23 10827-10831 Carboni E, Bortone L, Giua C, Di Chiara G (2000) Dissociation of physical abstinence signs from changes in extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and in the prefrontal cortex of nicotine dependent rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 58 93-102 Castane A, Valjent E, Ledent C, Parmentier M, Maldonado R, Valverde O (2002) Lack of CBl cannabinoid receptors modifies nicotine behavioural responses, but not nicotine abstinence. Neuropharmacology 43 857-867... 

See National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Protocol Number 04-AA-0072, Clinical Trial of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist, SR141716(Rimonabant),to Reduce Voluntary Ethanol Drinking in Healthy, Non-Treatment Seeking Individuals Who Consume Between 20 and 40 Drinks Per Week http //clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/deiail/A 2004-AA-0072.html... 

Abuse potential Some patients may use these agents for mood elevations or psychedelic experiences. Cannabinoids, barbiturates, opiates, and alcohol may have additive effects with anticholinergics. 

CS255 Hungund, B. L. and B. S. Basavara-jappa. Role of Endocannabinoids and Cannabinoid CBl Receptors in Alcohol-Related Behaviors. Ann NY Acad CS265 Sci 2004 1025 515-527. 

Answer to Case A Bloodshot eyes and poor coordination are hallmark signs of marijuana intoxication. The driver may have finished smoking marijuana before getting into the car, explaining the absence of odor, or may have ingested the marijuana. The level of alcohol is too low to account for poor coordination and the failing of the field sobriety tests. A urine sample should be collected and tested by EMIT and, if positive for cannabinoids, confirmed by GC/MS. 

They found that a strain of mice that lacks the gene for NPY—NPY knockout mice—consume more ethanol than control mice and are less sensitive to ethanol s sedative effects. As would be expected if increased concentrations of NPY in the brain make mice more sensitive to ethanol, a strain of mice that overexpresses NPY drinks less alcohol than the controls even though their total consumption of food and liquid is normal. Work with other transgenic knockout mice support the central role in ethanol responses of signaling molecules that have long been believed to be involved (eg, GABA A, glutamate, dopamine, opioid, and serotonin receptors) and has helped build the case for newer candidates such as NPY and cannabinoid receptors, ion channels, and protein kinase C. 

Colombo G et al The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, as a promising pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence Preclinical evidence. Mol Neurobiol 2007 36 102. [PMID 17952655]... 

Irradiation of several members of the cannabinoid family has provided useful routes to some derivatives. Cannabichromene (576) is converted into cannabicyclol (577) when it is irradiated in r-butyl alcohol-acetone <71JCS(C)796) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (578) is aromatized to cannabinolic acid (579) (70CPB1327). 

These smoked substances interact with the brain s own cannabinoid receptors to trigger dopamine release from the mesolimbic reward system. There are two known cannabinoid receptors, CB1 (in the brain, which is coupled via G proteins and modulates adenylate cyclase and ion channels) and CB2 (in the immune system). The CB1 receptors may mediate not only marijuana s reinforcing properties, but also those of alcohol. There is also an endogenous cannabinoid system (the brain s own marijuana) capable of activating these cannabinoid receptors functionally. These ert-docannabinoids are synthesized by neurons and inactivated by reuptake systems and enzymes in both neurons and glia. 

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