Fatalities, crash

The results of sleep deprivation have been linked to motor vehicle accidents, major industrial accidents such as the Exxon Valdez, and Three Mile Island, and the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster (2). The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1999 estimated that 56,000 police-reported crashes and 4% of all traffic crash fatalities (1550 cases) involved drowsiness and fatigue as principal causes (3). Sleepiness was a probable cause in about one third of all fatal-to-driver motor vehicle accidents involving commercial truck drivers (4). 

Kraus, J. F., C. Peek, D. L. McArthur and A. Williams (1994). The effect of the 1992 California motorcycle helmet usage law on motorcycle crash fatalities and injuries. 272,1506-1511. 

Not all countries count in the same way something as apparently obvious as a road crash fatality. The WHO standard is to count as a road crash fatality a person who dies within 30 days of the crash in which they were injured, and while most Western motorised countries adopt this definition, many others only include those who die within 24 hours (Indonesia) or 7 days (China) as victims of their crash. Most official records also exclude persons deemed to have died as a result of suicide, or in crashes on private roads, from their tally of road crash deaths. To compare countries, corrections for these differences in reporting standards have to be made. 

What does this approach—adopting a long-term elimination vision for road crash fatalities and serious injuries—require of decision makers in the interim period wishing to progress toward the long-term goal ... 

Figure 1.4.3-1 from WASH-1400 compares the risk of 100 nuclear plants with other man-caused risks. This is a CCDF that gives the frequency per year that accidents will L-xcccd a value on the abscissa. For example, for 100 fatalities, the frequency that 100 nuclear power plants could do this is lE-4, air crashes to persons on the ground lE-2, chlorine releases 1. IE-2, dam failures 7E-2, explosions SF-2, fires 1. IE-1, air crashes (total) 5E-1, and total man-caused 9E-1,... 

LaneJD, Stinson FS, Bertolucci D Trends in alcohol-related fatal traffic crashes, United States, 1977-95 (Surveillance Report No 42). Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997... 

Gulf of Mexico, Eugene Island Block 190, Helicopter Crash into Platform, Fire Helicopter flew into leg of platform and crashed on landing pad 14 Fatalities, Helicopter destroyed, platform damaged... 

Dr. Richard Schweet later joined the faculty at the University of Kentucky in Lexington. His highly promising career in biochemistry ended way too soon in a fatal commuter airplane crash on his way to Louisville. He was an excellent mentor and 1 remain indebted to him for his help and attention during my undergraduate years at Caltech. 

A site-specific Phase 1 QRA for a baseline incineration system at Pueblo was prepared and published in 1998 (SAIC, 1998). The causes of potential accidents considered included failures of equipment, human error, and external phenomena such as earthquakes and airplane crashes. Intentional acts, such as sabotage, were not included, nor were nonagent health risks (which will be covered in the HRA). The Phase 1 QRA concluded that the probability of one or more public fatalities from operation of the baseline system is very much lower than the risk of storing the stockpile for 20 years. However, the probability of fatalities at Pueblo under either scenario was estimated to be very much lower than at the other baseline sites (Table 4-1). 

Knipling RR, Wang WJ. Crashes and Fatalities Related to Driver Drowsiness/ Fatigue. Washington, DC Office of Crash Avoidance Research, US Department of Transportation, 1994. 

In 1990, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) completed a study of 182 fatal-to-the-driver truck accidents to investigate the probable cause of the accidents. While the study was designed under the assumption that most fatal heavy truck crashes may be related to alcohol and other drugs, it was found that the most frequently determined probable cause was fatigue (12). A 1993 analysis of the Fatal Accident Report System (FARS) also suggested that truck driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 30% of heavy truck accidents. 

National Transportation Safety Board. Fatigue, alcohol, other drags, and medical factors in fatal-to-the-driver heavy truck crashes. Safety Study NTSB/SS-90/01 Washington, DC NTSB, 1990. 

The drug store for chemicals that affect the mind has grown into a giant supermarket. Cocaine may be cited in today s fatal crash on the highway meth (methamphetamine) has moved from the heartland to many parts of the United States as a drug of choice marijuana is the subject of a current government controversy nicotine and alcohol make the headlines frequently. 

In 1996, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was assigned the role of integrating the resources of the federal government with those of local and state authorities and the airlines to meet the needs of aviation disaster victims and their families. As a result, the Federal Family Assistance Plan for Aviation Disasters was developed and implemented. This plan describes the airline and federal responsibilities in response to an aviation crash involving a significant number of passenger fatalities or injuries (NTSB, 2006, 2007). 

Some program bugs are easy to recognize The program crashes and you are told what kind of error you made. Or worse, the computer locks up. These are the deadly, or fatal, bugs. 

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