Alarm systems suppression

Wet or dry chemical fixed suppression systems are typically provided over the kitchen cooking appliances and in exhaust plenums and ducts. Activation means is afforded by fusible links located in the exhaust ducts/plenums usually rated at 232°C (450°F). Manual activation means should not be provided near the cooking area, but in the exit routes from the facility. The facility fire alarm should sound upon activation of the fixed suppression system and power or gas to the cooking appliances should be automatically shut off. The ventilation system should also be shut down by the activation of the fire alarm system. Protective caps should be provided on the suppression nozzles to prevent plugging from grease or cooking particulates. 

Matters related to the construction, extension, repair, alteration or removal of fire suppression, or alarm systems. 

The laboratory shall be equipped with a fire alarm system coimected so as to sound throughout the building (and in a central facility maimed 24 hours per day), an appropriate fire suppression sy stem, and be provided with one or more class 12 BC, or larger, fire extinguishers, or class D units... 

Heat is the most obvious choice of a characteristic by which a fire can be automatically recognized. In the section on fire suppression systems, the fusible links in the sprinkler heads represented one type of heat detector. Alloys have been developed that will have reproducible melting points. When the temperature at the detector site exceeds the melting point of the alloy, contacts are allowed to move so that the device can either make or break a circuit, just as with a manual alarm system. There are plastics which can perform in the same manner. Fixed temperature systems are very stable and not prone to false alarms, but are relatively slow to respond. There are several other versions of these fixed temperature detectors, including bimetalhc strips, where the differential rate of expansion of two different metals causes the strip to flex or bend to either make or break the contact. Others depend upon the thermal erqransion of hquids. 

Fire protection assessment. - Automatic detection/suppression and alarm system 11.4.2/11.4.5... 

Suppression by design Any mechanism within alarm system preventing an alarm from an operator s visibility based on plant state or other condition. This is a part... 

Automatic sprinklers are particularly effective for life safety because, they warn of the existence of fire and, at the same time, apply water to the burning area (Hisley, 2003). Standard sprinklers will typically detect a fire much later than a smoke or heat detector. Therefore, a combination of a detection/alarm system and suppression system is a dependable method of protection. 

The space or room containing the incinerator combustion chambers and their accompanying burners should have a fire detection and alarm system. Fire protection may be provided by automatic extinguishing means such as a water sprinkler system or a fire hose station. In particular applications, foam or powder may be more appropriate. Depending on the radiation level expected for some of the components, an automatic or remotely actuated suppression system may be required. 

If equipment and procedures work as intended, fire fighting is a rather short process, because the compartment where the fire is assumed to occur is equipped with a fixed fire extinguishing system which suppresses the fire with a sufficiently large amount of water after actuation by the fire detection and alarm system. However, one major assumption of the andysis presented here was the failure of the automatic actuation of the fixed fire extinguishing system. This implies that the fire has to be extinguished by manual fire fighting means performed by the plant personnel in charge. 

Other types of fire protection equipment or systems can be broken into four categories (1) portable fire suppression equipment including standpipe and hose systems (2) fixed fire suppression equipment including automatic sprinkler systems and fixed extinguishing systems (3) fire detection systems and (4) employee alarm systems. In addition, certain equipment is often installed in workplaces to control heat sources or to detect fuel leaks. An example is a temperature limit switch. Alarm systems may include, but are not limited to, manual pull box alarms, public address systems, radio, or telephone.)... 

OSHA has many requirements concerning fire protection in the workplace. These requirements are found in Subpart L and in some other specific standards. Among the items addressed by OSHA standards is fire brigades, all portable and fixed fire suppression equipment, fire detection systems, and fire or employee alarm systems. 

Check for plant integrity/flammable leaks periodically or continuously on-line, as appropriate Install appropriate fire/smoke detection, audible alarms Provide adequate fire suppression systems Deal with mishaps such as spillage immediately... 

Installation of detection, alarm and sprinkler (or other suppression) systems ... 

In addition to antibodies, the immune system also consists of bone-marrow derived lymphocytes, or B cells, and T cells that come from the thymus gland, both of which (indirectly) produce antibodies. These cells, in turn, may be helped by helper cells (= H) and suppressed by suppressor cells (= S). Helper cells may be alarmed as to the presence of antigens by macrophages (= M) that eat the antigens and leave parts of their meal on their cell surface. 

Alarms should be initialed by the local or main control facility for the location. Manual activation means should be provided for all emergency, fire, and toxic vapor alarm signals. Activation of fire suppression systems by automatic means should also indicate a facility alarm. Most fire and gas detection systems are also set to automatically activate alarms after confirmation and set points have been reached. Manual activation of field or plant alarm stations should activate the process or facility alarms. 

To sabotage the system, the former employee set the software on his laptop to identify itself as a pumping station, and then suppressed all alarms. The former employee was the "central control station" during his intrusions, with unlimited command of 300 SCADA nodes governing sewage and drinking water alike. 

In addition, LNG storage and dispensing systems shall be protected by methane detectors that will sound an alarm and shut down the dispenser. A fire suppression system activated by infrared and ultraviolet flame sensors shall be included to protect the area where the vehicles are refueled. Additional measures such as automatically calling the fire department when the fire suppression system is activated should be considered. 

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