Airborne contaminants smoke

Airflow Systems, Inc Resource for the collection and filtration of dust, smoke, mist, fumes and other airborne contaminants generated during industrial and commercial manufacturing and processing applications. http., llwww.air, flowsvstems. com... 

Contaminant concentrations Dispersal of airborne contaminants such as odors, fumes, smoke, VOCs, etc. transported by these airflows and transformed by a variety of processes including chemical and radiochemical transformation, adsorption, desorption to building materials, filtration, and deposition to surfaces evolution of contaminant concentrations in the individual zones air quality checks in terms of CO2 levels cross-contamination evaluation of zones air quality evaluations in relation to perception as well as health. Methods ate also applicable to smoke control design. 

Radiation from a dirty bomb can emanate from a blast site in a contaminated plume of smoke or in contaminated debris. Radiation cannot be detected without special instruments, and radiation exposures can occur even without direct contact. Therefore, leaving a damaged building does not eliminate the risk of exposure. An effective tool to minimize or eliminate the potential for hazardous substance exposure is to move away from the site of the attack and into a building that provides protection from airborne contaminants. 

A small residence can even act as a shield. An individual can turn off the air circulation system (or switch it to recirculation mode), and close vents, windows, and doors to create a barrier that will help prevent contaminated smoke or other airborne debris from entering the home. Because a building may not always be nearby in the event of a terrorist attack, shielding could be provided from another object such as a car (with the vents closed), a folded handkerchief over the nose and mouth, or any object that reduces the potential of exposure. The shield does not have to be sophisticated it only needs to be effective. 

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (H)LH)—Exposure to airborne contaminants that is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment. Examples include smoke or other poisonous gases at sufficiently high concentrations. 

Control of Smoke Prom Laser/Electric Surgical Procedures (Hazard Control), DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-128 (March 1998) describes how to control airborne contaminants generated by these surgical devices. 

Particulates Particulates include dusts, fumes, smoke, aerosols, and mists. Particulates also have classifications by size and chemical makeup. Shape can also be important. For example, some particulates have long, thin, fibrous shapes. Others may be spherical and have a fairly imiform cross-section. Figure 25-5 (Chapter 25) provides size characteristics of some airborne contaminants. 

Inhalation involves those airborne contaminants that can be inhaled directly into the lungs and can be physically classified as gases, vapors, and particulate matter that includes dusts, fumes, smokes, and mists. Inhalation, as a route of entry, is particularly important because of the rapidity with which a toxic material can be absorbed in the lungs, pass into the bloodstream, and reach the brain. Inhalation is the major route of entry for many hazardous chemicals in the work environment. 

The California Air Resources Board has prepared risk assessments for a number of toxic airborne compounds and mixtures, designated as toxic air contaminants, TACs (Table 16.15). For example, risk assessments for individual compounds such as benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (see Chapter 10), formaldehyde, and vinyl chloride have been carried out, in addition to complex mixtures such as diesel exhaust (California Air Resources Board, 1997a) and environmental tobacco smoke (California Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). These risk assessment documents form the basis for controls imposed as part of the risk management process (e.g., see Seiber, 1996). 

EXPOSURE ROUTES cigarette smoke exhaust from gasoline engines airborne coal tar emissions inhalation of contaminated air consumption of contaminated food and water... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES airborne coal tar emissions combustion of oil, gasoline, wood and refuse detected in rain, snow, and fog smoking tobacco inhalation of polluted air ingestion of food and water contaminated by combustion effluents... 

Carbonaceous smoke is airborne matter formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter in the cupola. Scrap contaminants such as oil and grease, wood, textiles and, rubber will form oily vapours in the stack gases. Vapours and partially burnt organic matter may carry unpleasant smells. 

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