AIDS retrovirus

Cooper DA, Gold J et al (1985) Acute AIDS retrovirus infection. Definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet l(8428) 537-540... 

HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS. Retroviruses are a class of RNA viruses that possess a reverse transcriptase activity that converts their RNA genome to a DNA molecule. This vDNA is then inserted into the host cell genome, causing a permanent infection. Eventually, HIV infection destroys the immune system of infected individuals. 

The preceding statement was included in a chapter about AIDS in Lynes book The Cancer Cure That Worked which also remarked about the pleomorphism that is said to exist between viruses and bacteria. The book states further that AIDS is cancer, and that cancer is AIDS. To these can be added, the mutations found to occur in the AIDS retrovirus or other retroviruses can be alternately regarded as merely a case of pleomorphism — or vice versa. We are here maybe talking about semantics, therefore. Because most conventional authorities see only the dead viruses... 

Why are retroviruses important Retroviruses have a genome based on RNA. When they infect a cell, their RNA is turned into DNA. The DNA is then incorporated into the host s DNA genome as part of the replication cycle for the virus. The most infamous retrovirus is human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, the causative agent of the disease AIDS. Retroviruses have also been linked to certain cancers. Retroviruses are also used in several forms of gene therapy. 

Dalgleish AG, Beverley PC, Clapham PR, Crawford DH, Greaves MF, Weiss RA. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature 1984 312 763-767. 

The AIDS retrovirus penetrates the T cells of the immune system (1 in Figure 17.1). Once inside, the virus releases its contents, and the reverse transcriptase of the AIDS virus translates the RNA code of the virus into double-stranded DNA (2 in Figure 17.1). The virus DNA enters the T cell nucleus and is incorporated into the cell s own DNA (3 in Figure 17.1) Then the T cell makes RNA from viral DNA, the proteins needed for a new virus are made from this RNA (4 in Figure 17.1), and the new virus is released (5 in Figure 17.1). Eventually the T cell swells and dies, releasing more AIDS viruses to attack other T cells. As their T cells are destroyed, individuals are attacked by diseases that are normally defeated by the body s immune system and thus are rare in healthy individuals. 

The viruses responsible for AIDS are human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV 1 and HIV 2) Both are retroviruses, meaning that their genetic material is RNA rather than DNA HI Vs require a host cell to reproduce and the hosts m humans are the T4 lymphocytes which are the cells primarily responsible for inducing the immune system to respond when provoked The HIV penetrates the cell wall of a T4 lymphocyte and deposits both its RNA and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase inside There the reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of a DNA strand that is complementary to the viral RNA The transcribed DNA then serves as the template from which the host lymphocyte produces copies of the virus which then leave the host to infect other T4 cells In the course of HIV reproduction the ability of the T4 lymphocyte to reproduce Itself IS compromised As the number of T4 cells decrease so does the body s ability to combat infections... 

Section 28 13 HIV which causes AIDS is a retrovirus Its genetic matenal is RNA instead of DNA HIV contains an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that allows Its RNA to serve as a template for DNA synthesis m the host cell... 

Myristic acid may be linked via an amide bond to the a-amino group of the N-terminal glycine residue of selected proteins (Figure 9.18). The reaction is referred to as A -myristoylation and is catalyzed by myristoyl—CoAtprolein N-myris-toyltransferase, known simply as NMT. A -Myristoyl-anchored proteins include the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the ppSff tyrosine kinase, the phosphatase known as calcineurin B, the a-subunit of G proteins (involved in GTP-dependent transmembrane signaling events), and the gag proteins of certain retroviruses, including the FHV-l virus that causes AIDS. 

The human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a retrovirus, whose replication includes the transcription of the single-stranded RNA genome into double stranded DNA (reverse transcription) and the covalent insertion of the DNA... 

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