Agronomic production

Other important issues such as varietal or geographical origin, method of agronomical production (harvesting by hand-picking versus mechanical shaker), system of oil extraction (stone mill versus hammer crusher), come under the banner of fraud. 

Recent developments in plant tissue culture and the need to gain control on bean quality and yield turns our aitemiou to this method as iinolhcr approach to solve some of the problems associated with the agronomic production of vanilla (5). Plant tissue culture can be used for three different objectives 1. micropropagaiion 2. production of secondary products and 3. study of biosynthetic pathways. 

Agronomic production still has problems due to many remaining wild plant characteristics, such as seed dormancy, indeterminate flowering, high variability in yield characteristics and lacking disease resistance. It is reportedly also grown on a contract basis in countries of the southern hemisphere. The oil content of the seeds is around 22% with about 72% C18 3 and 9% of gamma linolenic acid. 

Since 1975, cultivars of m. have been described in the US with adaptation to agronomic production. Since the mid 1980 s, about 100 ha of m. were grown in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Seed yields range from 1800 to 2500 kg/ha. The oil con-... 

Direct Application Rock. Finely ground phosphate rock has had limited use as a direct-appHcation fertilizer for many years. There have been widely varying results. Direct appHcation of phosphate rock worldwide amounts to about 8% of total fertilizer phosphate used, primarily in the former Soviet Union, France, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The agronomic effectiveness of an apatitic rock depends not only on the fineness of the grind but also strongly on the innate reactivity of the rock and the acidity of the sod performance is better on more acid sods. Probably more than half of the potentially productive tropical sods are acidic, some with pH as low as 3.5—4.5. Certain phosphate rocks may thus become increasingly important as fertilizer in those areas. The International Fertilizer Development Center at Muscle Shoals, Alabama is active in researching this field (30). 

The sustained world popularity of NSP results from simplicity of production and high agronomic quaHty as a carrier of available P2O5, calcium, sulfur, and usually some incidental micronutrients. In terms of agronomic value for large numbers of crops, no phosphate fertilizer has been shown to be superior to NSP. It is likely to remain in strong demand in parts of the world where simplicity of production or sulfur fertilization has high priority and where transportation costs are not prohibitive. 

Simplicity of production, high analysis, and excellent agronomic quaUty are reasons for the sustained high production and consumption of TSP. A contributing factor is that manufacture of the triple superphosphate has been an outlet for so-called sludge acid, the highly impure phosphoric acid obtained as a by-product of normal acid purification. 

A goal of controlled release fertiliser research since the 1940s has been the development of a product that deUvers its nutrients at a rate matching the demand rate of the plant to which it is appHed. Such a fertiliser would represent the ultimate in use efficiency agronomic performance, ie, crop yield, quahty, and appearance agronomic safety and labor savings, ie, reduced appHcation frequency. It also would minimise potential losses to the environment. 

Agronomic Properties and Nutrient Release Mechanism. The conversion of UF reaction products to plant available nitrogen is a multistep process, involving dissolution and decomposition. Materials are slow to enter the soil solution by virtue of their low solubiUty. Longer polymer chain products are less soluble than shorter chains and take longer to become available to the plants. 

The agronomic response of IBDU is compared to other nitrogen reaction products in Figure 4. In this study, various products were apphed to Kentucky bluegrass at 3 lb N /M (14.6 g/m ). Plant growth as measured by leaf fresh weight was monitored weekly. 

The RAC and processed commodities to be collected for each crop are listed in OPPTS 860.1000. Close attention should be paid to the definition and description of many of the commodities listed in the footnotes to Table 1. Reviewing a summary of the actual commercial processing practices for the crop may be helpful. Once the processing procedures and the agronomic practices to be simulated in the field residue trial are understood, a field study can be designed that will truly represent commercial production and processing practices. This will ensure that the study will yield useful, reliable, and accurate data to be used in the tolerance setting process. 

Preparation of a site for field residue testing should follow the same procedures as for standard agricultural production for the crop in question. If a pesticide is intended to introduce new agronomic or horticultural practices, then these practices should be... 

A protocol should be designed to conform as closely as possible to all ERA requirements. The test substance is a typical end-use product and application and agronomic practices accurately reflect the label and normal crop culture in the areas where the study will be conducted. Dislodging leaf material with a surfactant in aqueous... 

Part III provides detailed information on the main quality and safety issues relating to the production of organic crop foods. This includes two chapters (Chapters 15 and 16) which focus on the effects of agronomic methods used in crop production on the nutritional and sensory quality of... 

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