Agricultural and horticultural products

In general, plant-protection products are biocidal active substances and are therefore by nature toxic to target organisms. At least some of them are also toxic to humans therefore, the safe use of plant-protection products presupposes, among other things, an evaluation of worker exposure during re-entry, an adequate risk assessment on the basis of the various practical scenarios in agriculture and horticulture, and, if necessary, specific instructions for worker protection on the product label. 

Applications of plastics in agriculture and horticulture and technical and environmental requirements for products used in these sectors are examined. Italian standards relating to the use of plastics in these applications are reviewed, and statistics are presented for Italian, West European and world consumption of plastics in agriculture in 1995. 

Pfiffner, L. and P. Mader (1997). Effects of biodynamic, organic and conventional production systems on earthworm populations. Entomological Research in Organic Agriculture. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture Special edition 15 3-10. 

Delate, K., Friedrich, H. and Lawson, V. 2003. Organic pepper production systems using compost and cover cops. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 21 131-150. 

Litterick, A.M., Harrier, L., Wallace, P., Watson, C.A. and Wood, M. 2004. The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and compost extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production - a review. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23 453-479. 

Nauta, W.J., Baars, T. and Bovenhuis, H. 2005. Genotype environment interactions for milk production traits between conventional and organic dairy farming in the Netherlands. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 22 217-249. 

MacRae, R.J., Hill, S.B., Henning J, Mehuys, G.R. (1989) Agricultural science and sustainable agriculture a review of the existing scientific barriers to sustainable food production and potential solutions. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 6, 173-219. 

Dithiocarbamates are those agricultural and horticultural fungicides which may be considered to be derivatives of dithiocarbamic acids. Relatively large concentrations of these salts are applied to crops to achieve adequate disease control. On the crop the dithiocarbamates may be decomposed photochemically ( A0), oxidized or hydrolysed. The decomposition products are more toxic than the parent dithiocarbamates. Disodium ethylenebisdithiocarbamate is... 

During the period 2003-2005, the BPS has certified a large number of GreenPla products in Japan. Tables 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9 show certified GreenPla products in the fields of daily use, packaging, agriculture and horticulture and foodservice. 

Vertex business is divided into six categories Technical Components, Dairy, Industrial Containers, Household Products, Food Trays and Securefresh. Processes include rigid blow-moulded containers for industrial, household, chemical and agricultural products extruded sheet and thermoformed containers for food manufacturers, kiwifruit and horticultural products disposable and point-of-sale packaging for the food service sector and injection-moulded components for human and animal health products. 

Chapter 9 examines the market opportunities for biodegradable plastics by end use market covering packaging, bags and sacks, disposable serviceware, agriculture and horticulture, medical devices, consumer electronics products, automotive, speciality cards and fibres. 

L. Wilson. 2003. Effect of organic pest management practices on apple productivity and apple food safety. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 21 1-14. 

Autotrophic vegetation as a whole has rendered possible the development of animals on earth, of consumers and predators at the higher levels in the food chains of ecosystems. More than 100,000 species of animals, most of them insects, depend on the producers life. Mankind cannot survive without green plants and their capability of building up carbohydrates from just water and carbon dioxide in the chloroplasts of leaves by the use of solar energy. Agriculture and horticulture have made use of this capacity since prehistoric ages and forestry has developed from the uncontrolled use of firewood and timber for houses, ships> tools, and furniture to a planned production of renewable raw materials. 

Meanwhile, Standard Oil of California, lacking Shell s technological capability, developed agricultural and horticultural insecticides through the acquisition in 1931 of the California Spray Chemical Corporation. In the 1930s Standard Oil of California began producing by-products, primarily naph-thalic acids and derivatives. ... 

Optimising pesticide use is a very broad phrase that can be interpreted in a number of ways. At one extreme, it can imply the minimisation and prudent use of pesticides in agriculture and horticulture, but it can also be interpreted as the complete elimination of their use. However, it is probable, if not certain, that pesticides will continue to play a vital part in the safe and economic production of food in the foreseeable future. Notably, outside the developed world, pest-control strategies, including the use of chemicals, are essential for adequate food production and for current human health strategies. 

Palm trees are considered among one of the oldest plants on the earth, and their records date back 120 million years. They are the most characteristic components of tropical forests that have important features that ensure the sustainable development of agricultural and horticultural systems. These features are due to the variability of shapes, structures in communities of palm trees and various products they offer. 

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