Agglomerating Index

The agglomerating index is a grading index based on the nature of the residue from a 1 g sample of coal when heated at 950°C (1740°F) in the volatile matter determination (ASTM, 2011n). 

The agglomerating (or agglutinating) tendency of coal may also be determined by the Roga test (ISO, 2011a), and the Roga index (calculated from the abrasion properties when a mixture of a specific coal and anthracite is heated) is used as an indicator of the agglomerating tendencies of coals (Table 9.14). 

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Agglomerating index Grading on nature of residue from 1-g sample when heated at 950°C (1550°F)... 

Increasing levels of emulsification significantly depleted protein from the fat globule in the mix. The adsorbed protein content in the mix (mg m of fat surface area) correlated with major characteristic analyses describing the fat structure in ice cream (fat agglomerate size, fat agglomeration index, solvent extractable fat Fig. 6). Thus, the measurement of protein load in the mix can be used to predict ice-cream-fat stability and related structure. Structural analyses indicated enhanced interaction between fat and air as protein adsorption decreased. It was also observed that the fat content in the dripped portion collected from a meltdown test correlated well with other indices of fat destabilization. 

Fig. 6. The effect of adsorbed protein in the mix on fat agglomeration index, solvent extractable fat and fat agglomerate size in ice cream (Ref. 30).

Hardness/abrasiveness Friability GrindabiUty Dustiness index Thermal properties Calorific value Heat capacity Thermal conductivity Plastic/agglutinating Agglomerating index Free swelling index... 

Agglomerating index Coals that in the volatile matter determination produce eitha- an agglomerate button that will support a 500 g weight without pulverizing or a button showing swelling or cell structure shall be considered agglomerating from the standpoint of classification. 

Free-swelling tests are commonly used to measure a coal s caking characteristics. A sample of coal is packed in a cmcible or tube, without compaction, and heated at a fixed rate to about 800°C. Infusible coals distill without changing appearance or state of agglomeration. The fusible coals soften, fuse, and usually sweU. The profile of the resultant coke is compared to a series of reference profiles so that a swelling index can be assigned. The profiles represent indexes between 0 and 9. The best cokes come from coals having indexes between 4 and 9. 

Free-swelling index measure of the agglomerating tendency of coal heated to 800°C (1470°F) in a crucible. Coals with a high index are referred to as coking coals, those with a low index are referred to as free-burning coal. 

For instance, a high porosity can increase the extent of adsorption of certain molecules, but at the same time, the internal surface of the pores is not fully irradiated so that the density of photoproduced active species inside the pores can be lower than on the external surface. Photons are not only absorbed but also reflected and scattered by the semiconducting particles, whether they are in the form of powders or films. Consequently, the texture, surface rugosity, and agglomeration of particles affect the fraction of photons that are absorbed and therefore are potentially useful for photocatalytic chemical transformations. In addition, scattering depends on the refractive index of the medium and is therefore very different depending on whether Ti02 is exposed to air or liquid water. 

Where Nvi is the observed number of particles per unit volume in the ith sample and "Nv is the arithmetic mean number of particles in n samples. (The index i refers to the ith sample in a set of n samples, and not to the particle size class). Maximum homogeneity is characterized by a minimum standard deviation other hand, special separating or agglomerating tendencies exist among the particles, the value of [Pg.33]

In Chemical Abstracts, abstracts on the vitamin itself are indexed under the letter used to designate that vitamin, but derivatives are indexed under the chemical name of the vitamin. For example, vitamin Bi is listed as such under vitamin, but the ethyl derivative is listed under aneurine, ethyl. More about indexing and the difficulties involved appears in Crane s paper. A beautiful Job of cross indexing is found in Chemical Abstracts. The searcher should follow up all of these cross references, and on some subjects should add a few of his own topics, particularly where a broad field is being covered. For example, in extensive literature search on the agglomeration of fine particles the following subjects were covered in Chemical Abstracts ... 

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