Thermal Properties 1 Calorific Value

Thermal properties Calorific value Heat capacity Indication of energy content Measurement of the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit amount of coal 1 °... 

Hardness/abrasiveness Friability GrindabiUty Dustiness index Thermal properties Calorific value Heat capacity Thermal conductivity Plastic/agglutinating Agglomerating index Free swelling index... 

The economic value of natural gas is primarily determined by the thermal energy it contains, which is expressed in British thermal units (Btu) or calorific value (CV). Other important physical properties comprise the liquid content, the burning characteristics, the dew point and the compressibility. In order to enable the calculation of these properties from its composition, a natural gas analysis should contain a detailed determination of all of the individual components, even in the low-concentration range. 

This classification does not include a few coals, principally nonbanded varieties, that have unusual physical and chemical properties and that come within the limits of the fixed-carbon or calorific value of the high-volatile bituminous and subbituminous ranks. All of these coals either contain less than 48% dry, mineral-matter-ffee fixed carbon or have more than 15,500 moist, mineral-matter-free British thermal units per pound. 

The calorific value is neither part of the proximate analysis nor part of the ultimate analysis it is, in fact, one of the many physical properties of coal and as such, is often found in the various sections that deal with the physical properties of coal. In the present context, the importance of the calorific value as one of the means by which coal can be evaluated dictates that it be included in this particular section as well as in the section describing the general thermal properties of coal. 

Of the types of compounds studied, these are the only ones to show, simultaneously, the following properties (1) high caloric value by volume, (2) satisfactory calorific value by weight, (3) acceptable thermal stability, (4) very low freezing... 

The thermal combustion properties measured in the test are related to the flammability characteristics of the material.5155 For example, the heat release temperature from method A approximates the surface temperature at ignition (Section 14.3.2.1). The net calorific value from method B approximates the net heat of combustion measured in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. 

Thermal conversion of biomass/waste streams in oses demands on the fuel quality. The basic physical properties of the biomass and waste streams, such as moisture content, ash content and melting temperature, particle size (distribution), density and calorific value are irrqioitant properties, which determine the design specifications of a new installation to a large extent, The fact that biomass and waste Streams are usually til defined, leads to a significant spread in physical and chemical data. 

Other properties such as calorific value, carbon residue, specific heat, softening point, flash point, molecular weight, and thermal conductivity are also used to determine the suitability of the bitumen for conversion options. 

The calorific value (heat of combustion) is an important property, particularly for the petroleum products that are used for burning, heating, or similar usage. Knowledge of this value is essential when considering the thermal efficiency of equipment for producing either power or heat. Heat of combustion per unit of mass of coke is a critical property of coke intended for use as a fuel. 

To begin with, we can make the following hypothesis the snpeicapacitor is made of a single material with thermal properties (heat condnctivity, calorific capacitance, etc.) which are equivalent with account taken of the respective thicknesses of the materials. The solution to the system can be found numerically in the permanent regime. In these conditions, the calculation of the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance of supercapacitor is the same as that for a tube whose internal and external radii are respectively r, and r +i, and whose length is L. The expression of these two values is given by [GUA 11] ... 

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