Aerosols research

Drake, R.L., 1972. A general mathematical survey of the coagulation equation. In Topics in current aerosol research, Pt. 2. Eds. G.M. Tidy and J.R. Brocks, New York Pergamon. 

A nonprofit professional organization that promotes aerosol research in areas including industrial processes, air pollution, and industrial hygiene. Composed of scientists and engineers associated with universities, technical institutes, private firms, and government representatives. 

American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), 277 American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR), 267 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), 267 American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), 277 American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST), 267... 

Several air quality Hg intensive sites exist and could be used as templates to determine what additional air quality measurements should be included in evaluating the performance of air quality models. These include the USEPA SuperSite programs (http //www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/supersites.html) and the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) project (http //www.atmospheric-research.com/ studies/SEARCH/index. html). 

Drake RL (1972) In GM Hidy, JR Brock (ed) Topics in current aerosol research, vol 3. Pergamon, New York... 

Knutson, E.O., A.C. George, L. Hinchliffe, and R. Sextro, Single Screen and Screen Diffusion Battery Method for Measuring Radon Progeny Size Distributions, 1-500 nm, presented to the 1985 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research,... 

Sussman, R. G., B. S. Conen and M. Lippmann, The Distribution of Airflow in Casts of Human Lungs, Presented at the 1985 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Albuquerque, NM (November, 1985). 

One of the newest particle sizing techniques is light scattering. This technique is used to measure particle size distribution, colloid behavior, particle size growth, aerosol research, clean room monitoring, and pollution monitoring. 

D2. Davies, C. N., Recent advances in aerosol research, Macmillan (Pergamon), New York, 1964. 

Although this overview of the electrodynamic balance and its applications has been directed to chemical engineers, it is hoped that physicists, chemists, atmospheric scientists, aerosol researchers, and environmental engineers will find something here to interest them. 

Dod, R.L. Rosen, H. Novakov, T. "Optico-thermal analysis of the carbonaceous fraction of aerosol particles", in "Atmospheric Aerosol Research Annual Report 1977-78", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California LBL-8696, pp.2 10. 

Kolb, C. E., J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, and P. Davidovits, Solubility Data Requirements and New Experimental Methods in Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Pure Appl. Chem., 69, 959-968(1997). 

For control of flying insects with aerosols, research showed that there is an optimum particle size needed to obtain maximum kill. The size was determined through extensive research in wind tunnels (2) and Peet-Grady chambers in which the most nearly homogeneous sprays possible were used. For adult mosquitoes the optimum particle size was found to be between 10 and 15 microns mass median diameter and for adult houseflies between 15 and 20 microns. 

Ortiz, L. W. Fairchild, . I. "Aerosol Research and Development Related to Health Hazard Analysis", LASL Report LA-6539-PR, USERDA Contract W-7405-Eng. 36, 1976. 

Amiridis V, Balis DS, Kazadzis S, Bais A, Giannakaki E, Papayannis A, Zerefos C (2005) Four-year aerosol observations with a Raman lidar at Thessaloniki, Greece, in the framework of European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). J Geophys Res 110 D21203. doi 10.1029/2005JD006190... 

Notably, the instruments used in the European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (EUSAAR)/Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) and German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) measurements used in this chapter are from intercalibrated measurements, where the abilities of the instruments were determined in common intercalibration workshops [15]. Overall, the instruments agree well on particle sizes between 20 and 200 nm, with the differences above 200 nm still relatively minor for number concentrations. In smallest particles sizes the instrument deviation is large, and for this reason we only consider particles larger than 30 nm in diameter in this chapter. 

The work presented here has been performed at the Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Hannover, Germany, under the supervision of Professor G. Wuensch, Professor C. Levsen and Dr A. Preiss. The contribution of Ms A. Weltring to the development of the MSPD method is kindly acknowledged. 

Heightened interest on air reactions that can be associated with C cycle and climate changes include NOM compounds. Therefore, there are demands for characterization and reaction mechanisms of NOM in aerosols from different origins, namely, urban, rural, from biomass burning, and others. On that account, spectroscopic techniques, combined with adequate sample preparation methods, could bring additional insights into aerosol research studies. 

Larsen, R.J., Submicrometer aerosol collection characteristics of Dynaweb DW7301L and Freudenberg FA2311 filter media. Abstract Book, American Association for Aerosol Research, 1990 Annual Meeting, pp. 266, June 18-22 (1990). 

Lippmann M. In Lee SD, Schneider T, Grant LD, Verkerk PJ, eds. Aerosols Research, Risk Assessment and Control Strategies. Chelsea, MI Lewis, 1986 43. 

Experimental aerosol research frequently requires the controlled generation of an aerosol. A particular property of the aerosol, such as a certain size distribution, may be required to ascertain its transport properties. The control of aerosol generation may extend beyond size distribution and concentration to the physical and chemical properties of the particles. In particular, the effective dose in aerosol therapy is a function of the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol particles in addition to the mass concentration delivered. The size, shape, and structure of the aerosol particles determine their aerodynamic or transport properties and, hence, affect the site and efficiency of deposition. After deposition, these same physical properties of the particles, in addition to the chemical properties, control the surface area of the particles and, hence, the rate of dissolution and absorption of the drug. Consequently, the control of the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol particles and of the number or mass concentration is a prerequisite for the accurate determination of the effective dose in aerosol therapy. 

Nebulizers and atomizers used in aerosol research produce a polydisperse aerosol consisting of particles under 10 pm in diameter. Most nebulizers use compressed air for atomization, whereas some use ultrasonics. Many models of compressed-air nebulizers have been developed, but they basically use the principle of air blast atomization of liquids issuing through a small orifice. Impaction plates or baffles are used to remove the larger droplets. Mass median diameters normally range from 2 to 5 pm, with a compressed-air pressure of 20-30psig. A detailed discussion of nebulizers can be found in Raabe [5]. Most nebulizers or atomizers tend to have a small liquid reservoir and cannot be used for long duration unless the reservoir is refilled continuously. 

S. Zaromb, D. Martell, N. Schattke, and G. Hankins, Electrostatic-Precipitation-Based Aerosol Collector, 2006 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research (Battelle Eastern Science Technology Center, Aberdeen, Maryland, 2006). 

Fuchs. N. A and Sutugin, A. G. (1971) High-Dispersed Aerosols, in Hidy, G. M and Brock, J. R. (Eds,), Topics in Current Aerosol Research, Pergamon. New York. 

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