Advantages, disadvantages and applications

With FMS (as with projective mapping), assessors are allowed to separate samples on the bases of hunches or feelings not easily expressed. Focus is kept on the sample rather than a predefined set of attributes, and assessors are not asked to describe then-actions until after the sorting. Compared to conventional sensory profiling where a vocabulary needs to be established before sample evaluation, the FMS approach is said to be more holistic and individual. This is an advantage when applied to conceptual tasks (Fig. 8.3.), as distinct from the more constructual tasks that focus on specific sample attributes. 

As stated, FMS suits holistic and conceptual tasks open for the use of intermo-dal and complex semantics. Such data are often noisier and show larger confidence ellipses around the samples in an individual factor map than data from a conventional profile. As shown in Fig. 8.3, more conceptual task would often involve the use of naive assessors, would need less concept alignment (assessor training), and would hence require a larger number of assessors. 

The described set-up is ideal for tasks where a low amount of available time with assessors needs to result in a quantitative mapping of a number of samples. This situation occnrs within companies that work with product development, where FMS can be applied with internal or external assessors. It especially applies to comparisons within or between product categories, in the exploration and idea generation phase of product development and to smaU-scale market tests of pilot products. 

As FMS consumes little time and can be performed in less than an hour, it is also a low-resource approach. It therefore applies to smaller companies with smaller R D budgets. Most important is that the method is well understood before its application rather than it being applied because it is easy.  

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Pai+icle size enlargement equipment can be classified into several groups, with advantages, disadvantages, and applications summarized in Table 20-36. Comparisons of bed-agitation intensity, compaction pressures, and product bulk density for selected agglomeration processes are highlighted above in Fig. 20-71. 

The advantages, disadvantages, and applications for the major types of epoxy curing agents are summarized in Table 5.1. The required mix ratios, curing temperatures, and the resulting heat distortion temperatures of the cured product are provided in Table 5.2. 

TABLE 5.1 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications of Common Epoxy Curing Agents1,2... 

Fluorescence-based microbial detection systems, including epifluorescence microscopy (EFM), flow cytometry (FC) and solid-phase cytometry (SPC), lend themselves to rapid, in-situ analysis of individual microorganisms, without the need for multiplication (Lemarchand et al. 2001 Lisle et al. 2004). This review will focus on the basic principles of SPC, its advantages, disadvantages and applications, and outline some future perspectives. 

While open tubular (OT) columns are the most popular type, both open tubular and packed columns are treated throughout, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applications are contrasted. In addition, special chapters are devoted to each type of column. Chapter 2 introduces the basic instrumentation and Chapter 7 elaborates on detectors. Other chapters cover stationary phases (Chapter 4), qualitative and quantitative analysis (Chapter 8), programmed temperature (Chapter 9), and troubleshooting (Chapter 11). Chapter 10 briefly covers the important special topics of GC-MS, derivatization, chiral analysis, headspace sampling, and solid phase microextraction (SPME) for GC analysis. 

Table 2.1 Advantages, disadvantages and applications of most often used methods in downstream processing of biopharmaceutical products.

Direct coupling has a number of significant advantages as local effects can be directly calculated rather than globally approximated under a single external input. The present chapter will present detailed examples of the above approaches and discuss their advantages/disadvantages and areas of applicability. 

Many different types of heat exchangers are available for use in chemical engineering applications, and each has its special features that make it more or less desirable for any given application. A few of the most common types will be described here, together with the advantages, disadvantages, and areas of greatest use. 

It is beyond the scope of this section to describe each analytical method and to list its advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications. For these details readers are referred to Gluskoter et al. (1), Damberger et al. (31), and Schultz (51). 

Compare PVC/SWA cables with Ml cables and give their advantages, disadvantages and typical applications. 

Table 2.2 compares these two main types of column and lists their advantages, disadvantages, and some typical applications. 

A description of advantages, disadvantages and major applications of typical curing agents is given in Table 14. 

The reserve batteries are usu ly designed for specific applications, each design optimized to meet the requirements of the application. A summary of the major types of reserve batteries, their major characteristics and advantages, disadvantages, and key areas of application is given in Table 16.1. 

The application of inorganic electroactive compounds in aqueous RFBs have been the subject of the vast majority of the literature to date. Table 2 summarizes the standard electrode potentials of common redox couples while Table 3 highlights prominent cell chemistries based on combinations of these redox couples. Of these chemistries, iron-chromium (ICB) [33], polysulfide-bromide (PSB) [14], and aU-vanadium (VRB) [31] systems have yielded industry-level demonstrations (order of 100 kW-10 MW). Below, these RFB chemistries are introduced in some detail with key advantages, disadvantages, and challenges highlighted. 

TABLE 8.4 Different Neutralizing Agents Used in the Fermentative Production of Fumaric Acid and Their Advantages/Disadvantages of Applications ... 

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