Engineering applications, chemical

Many individuals have developed more elegant theoretical treatments of adsorption processes since Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller published their classic paper. Nonetheless, the BET and Langmuir isotherms are the most significant ones for chemical engineering applications. 

Dimitrios Maroudas, Modeling of Radical-Surface Interactions in the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Thin Films Sanat Kumar, M. Antonio Floriano, and Athanassiors Z. Panagiotopoulos, Nanostructured Formation and Phase Separation in Surfactant Solutions Stanley I. Sandler, Amadeu K. Sum, and Shiang-Tai Lin, Some Chemical Engineering Applications of Quantum Chemical Calculations... 

Fiolitakis, E. Hofmann, H. Lecture Notes of "Summer School on Modeling of Dynamic Systems Based on Experimental Data with Chemical Engineering Applications", Bad Honeff, W.Germany, Aug. 1980, Ed. A. Petho - submitted for publication in Catal.Rev.-Sci.Eng. 

Many real problems do not satisfy these convexity assumptions. In chemical engineering applications, equality constraints often consist of input-output relations of process units that are often nonlinear. Convexity of the feasible region can only be guaranteed if these constraints are all linear. Also, it is often difficult to tell if an inequality constraint or objective function is convex or not. Hence it is often uncertain if a point satisfying the KTC is a local or global optimum, or even a saddle point. For problems with a few variables we can sometimes find all KTC solutions analytically and pick the one with the best objective function value. Otherwise, most numerical algorithms terminate when the KTC are satisfied to within some tolerance. The user usually specifies two separate tolerances a feasibility tolerance Sjr and an optimality tolerance s0. A point x is feasible to within if... 

In chemical-engineering applications, the competitive-consecutive reactions are often studied in the limit where k oo. In this limit, the first reaction-progress variable Y can be written in terms of Y2 and f. From the reaction rate expression for Y, it can be seen that the limiting value is given by... 

Kenneth Beers. Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineering Applications in MATLAB. Cambridge University Press 2006... 

The flow rate of fluids is a critical variable in most chemical engineering applications, ranging from flows in the process indnstries to environmental flows and to flows within the hnman body. Flow is defined as mass flow or volume flow per unit of time at specified temperatnre and pressure conditions for a given flnid. This snbsection deals with the techniques of measuring pressure, temperature, velocities, and flow rates of flowing fluids. For more detailed discussion of these variables, consult Sec. 8. Section 8 introduces methods of measuring flow rate, temperature, and pressure. This subsection bnilds on the coverage in Sec. 8 with emphasis on measurement of the flow of fluids. 

Stanley I. Sandler, Amadeu K. Sum, and Shiang-Tai Lin, Some Chemical Engineering Applications of Quantum Chemical Calculations... 

Whether used for mechanical or chemical engineering application, ebonite should not soften and yield under pressure at an unduly... 

The research efforts of many investigators over the past several decades have contributed to the current understanding of the basic phenomena in HDM as well as in the development of technology for utilizing heavy oils. As is often the case in a chemical engineering application, many diverse disciplines of science and engineering have been involved. 

Another important area of chemical engineering applications is in the selection of solvents, co-solvents, or entrainers—generally summarized as solvents—in the early phase of a process design, development, or optimization project. For such tasks, beyond the fixed essential starting materials and products of the process, a large number of compounds has to be considered as potential... 

This may be adequate for pTAS applications, where stream velocities are low and hence residence times are large. For most chemical and chemical engineering applications, however, faster mixing times are required. Though today s micro-... 

Many different types of heat exchangers are available for use in chemical engineering applications, and each has its special features that make it more or less desirable for any given application. A few of the most common types will be described here, together with the advantages, disadvantages, and areas of greatest use. 

The second topic within the scope of chemical engineering applications concerns the relation of particle-size to chemical reaction—such as rates of solution and oxidation. This is a subject complicated by many indeterminate factors. In general, however, the main item concerned is particle-surface. As is well known, where solids are involved, reactions of a chemical nature are greatly influenced by the amount of surface exposed. 

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