Epifluorescent microscopy

TROUT ETAL. Element-Specific Epifluorescence Microscopy... 

FIGURE 16.4 Precursors of RPE cell lipofuscin form in the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. The retina of normal rat (A, B) and the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat (C, D) viewed under the phase contrast (A, C) and the epifluorescence microscopy (B, D). In the normal rat, autofluorescent material accumulates as lipofuscin in RPE cells (arrows). In the RCS, due to a defect in RPE cell phagocytosis, shed outer segment membrane builds up at the photoreceptor-RPE interface the autofluorescence in this debris is attributable to lipofuscin precursors that form in photoreceptor outer segments. 

Fig 3 Images of phytoplankton cells from the Ebro river obtained by means of epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Images correspond to the species Pediastrum duplex (a), Aulacoseira granulata (b), Stephanodiscus cf. neoastraea (c), Cyclotella meneghini-nana (d), Skeletonema potamos (e), and Thalassiosira weissflogii (f)... 

Fig. 9 Epifluorescence microscopy images of the amyloid fibrils of PrP 90-231 (1 pM), stained at room temperature with (a) ThT alone (10 pM) (exposure time 1.6 s), and (b) with preformed ThT-Ag clusters (exposure time 0.02 s). ThT-Ag clusters were preformed by irradiation of aqueous solutions of ThT (10 pM)/AgN03 (1 pM) at 312 nm for 3 min. Scale bars = 10 pm. (c) Photobleaching kinetics of the fibrils stained with ThT (black line) vs. photoactivation kinetics of the fibrils stained with ThT-Ag clusters (red line). Data collected from a 5 pm x 5 pm area and normalized to the intensity measured at zero time [31 ]...

Figure 6. Diagram of chloroplast size and shape observed using epifluorescence microscopy. Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata-A. grown at 266 pEin cm s l and B. at 50%, or 133 juEin cm s . ...

Epifluorescence microscopy has been fruitfully employed to characterize lipid domains in phospholipid monolayers. The sizes and shapes are dependent... 

Ocvirk, G., Tang, T., Harrison, J.D., Optimization of confocal epifluorescence microscopy for microchip-based miniaturized total analysis systems. Analyst 1998, 123(7), 1429-1434. 

Fig. 2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells observed by phase-contrast microscopy (a) and Streptomyces ambofaciens filament observed by epifluorescence microscopy (after Propidium Iodide staining) (b)...

Two pools of organic matter were prepared from exponentially growing LFe and HFe P. antarctica (i) dissolved organic matter (DOM) obtained by gentle filtration (<0.3 atm) on 0.1 pm polycarbonate Nucle-pore filters, (ii) total organic matter (TOM), unfiltered, including DOM and POM obtained after phytoplankton lysis by sonication (10 min of sonica-tion at 22 W with pulse of 0.2 s/s) and ffeeze/thaw ( 80°C deep freezer/60°C water bath cycles, repeated three times) methods. The broken cells were observed by epifluorescence microscopy, evidencing the efficiency of this method. 

Figure 7. pa-GFP dynamics by parallel 2P-epifluorescence microscopy (64 foci, 920 nm, 240 mW) in a tobacco BY-2 protoplast. Quantitative analysis of the decrease of nuclear pa-GFP 2P-epifluorescence, giving a diffusion time constant of 123 s. 

As is evident from the data, areal rates of activity can be highly variable for both Trichodesmium and microbial diazotrophs with extremes in the mmol N m day range, with a greater spread of values overlapping in the 10-100 pmol N m day (Mahaffey et al, 2005) (Tables 4.4 and 4.5). With the help of epifluorescent microscopy, quantification of macrodiazotrophic organism such as Trichodesmium and Richelia symbiotic in diatoms has been relatively straightforward. 

Although most strains of NH3-oxidizing and N02 -oxidizing bacteria have characteristic intracytoplasmic membrane structures, which can be visualized by electron microsocopy, it is not possible to distinguish the otherwise nondescript cells from other bacteria and archaea in water samples using standard microscopic techniques for ceU enumeration, e.g., epifluorescence microscopy with DNA fluorochromes. 

Hennes, K. P., and Sutde, C. A. (1995). Direct counts of viruses in natural waters and laboratory cultures by epifluorescence microscopy. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1050—1055. 

Wen, K., Ortmann, A. C., and Suttle, C. A. (2004). Accurate estimation of viral abundance by epifluorescence microscopy. AppL Environ. Microbiol. 70, 3862—3867. 

Xenopoulos, M. A., and Bird, D. F. (1997). Vims ala sauce Yo-Pro Microwave enhanced staining for counting vimses by epifluorescence microscopy. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1648-1650. 

Petrographically, Spannagel flowstone and stalagmites are composed of coarsely crystalline, columnar calcite indicating slow precipitation rates (e.g., Frisia et al., 2000). Lamination is rare in these samples, although faint laminae of possible annual origin were identified in thin section by epifluorescence microscopy. Postdepositional alteration is confined to macroscopic dissolution features, while there is little evidence of in-situ recrystallization in our samples. 

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