Adrenocortical

Adrenocortical insufficiency Organ transplants Liver disease Adrenogenital syndrome Nephrotic syndrome Acute spinal cord injury Hyp ere alemia Hematologic disorders Myasthenia gravis Neoplastic disease... 

The conversion of cholesterol (2) to pregnenolone [145-13-1] (78) is accomplished primarily through enzymatic systems in the adrenocortical and gonadal mitochondria. This conversion appears to be rate-limiting and therefore is regarded as the control point for the entire steroid hormone... 

In humans, most steroids function as hormones, chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands and carried through the bloodstream to target tissues. There are two main classes of steroid hormones the sex hormones, which control maturation, tissue growth, and reproduction, and the adrenocortical hormones, which regulate a variety of metabolic processes. 

Adrenocortical hormone (Section 27.6) A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. There are two types of adrenocortical hormones mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. 

Adrenocortical hormone, 1083 -ill, aldehyde name ending, 696 ( + )-Alanine, configuration of, 300 electrostatic potential map of,... 

Steroid, 1079-1089 adrenocortical, 1083 anabolic. 1083 androgens, 1082 biosynthesis of, 1084-1089 cis A-B ring fusion in, 1081 conformation of, 1081... 

Neuromedin U is a neuropeptide which is widely distributed in the gut and central nervous system. Peripheral activities of neuromedin U include stimulation of smooth muscle, increase in blood pressure, alteration of ion transport in the gut, control of local blood flow and regulation of adrenocortical function. The actions of neuromedin U are mediated by G-protein coupled receptors (NMU1, NMU2) which are coupled tO Gq/11. 

Discuss general actions, uses, adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions, and interactions of the pituitary and adrenocortical hormones. 

Discuss important preadministration and ongoing assessment activities the nurse should perform on a patient taking the pituitary and adrenocortical hormones. 

List some nursing diagnoses particular to a patient taking a pituitary or adrenocortical hormone. 

Discuss ways to promote an optimal response to therapy, how to manage common adverse reactions, and important points to keep in mind when educating patients about the use of pituitary or adrenocortical hormones. 

Diagnostic testing of adrenocortical fundi on, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, hypercalcemia associated with cancer, acute exacerbations of multiple sderosis (MS)... 

Corticotropin (ACTH) is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete adrenocortical hormones, primarily the glucocorticoids. 

Corticotropin is used for diagnostic testing of adrenocortical function. This drug may also be used for the management of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, and hypercalcemia associated with cancer. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drug when conventional glucocorticoid therapy lias not been effective (see Display 50-1). 

ACTH is contraindicated in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency or hyperfunction, allergy to pork or pork products (corticotropin is obtained from porcine... 

Amenorrhea, other menstrual irregularities, development of cushingoid state, suppression of growth in children, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsive (particularly in times of stress), decreased carbohydrate tolerance, manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents (in diabetics)... 

This section of the chapter discusses the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or the adrenocortical hormones, which are the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. These hormones are essential to life and influence many organs and structures of the body. The glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are collectively called corticosteroids. 

The ghicocorticoids are used as replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency, to treat allergic reactions, collagen diseases (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus), dermatologic conditions, rheumatic disorders, shock, and other conditions (see Display 50-1). The anti-inflammatory activity of these hormones make them valuable as anti-inflammatories and as immunosuppressants to suppress inflammation and modify the immune response... 

SUM MARY DRUG TABLE ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES CORTICOSTEROIDS AN D MIN ERALOCORTICOIDS... 

Fludrocortisone is used for replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical deficiency. Even though this drug lias both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity, it is used only for its mineralocorticoid effects. 

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