Adolescence/adolescents Adolescent pregnancy

Anovulation may result from a problem at any level of the HPO axis. In addition to various physiologic life stages such as adolescence, perimenopause, pregnancy, and lactation, other causes of anovulation include 11... 

Other Conditions. Other groups of individuals are considered to be at risk either from a marginal dietary deficiency or from an acquired deficiency secondary to disease. These groups would include female adolescents during pregnancy and lactation. Also affected may be patients with malabsorption syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, alcoholic liver disease, and anorexia nervosa. A significant proportion of cases of sickle cell anemia have clinical signs and symptoms and some laboratory abnormalities of zinc deficiency. These patients respond well to zinc supplementation. ... 

Antithyroid drugs Noninvasive Lower initial cost Low risk of permanent hypothyroidism Possible remissions due to immune effects Low cure rate (30%-80% average 40%-50%) Adverse drug reactions Drug compliance Lirst-line treatment in children, adolescents, and in pregnancy Initial treatment in severe cases or preoperative preparation... 

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence. 1989. Counseling the adolescent about pregnancy options. Pediatrics 83 135-137. 

Malamitsi-Puchner, A. Boutsikou, T. (2006). Adolescent pregnancy and perinatal outcome. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev. (3 Suppl 1)1170—171. 

Relative Puberty, adolescence, pregnancy, lactation it usually leads to colloid goiter, sometimes to nodular goiter... 

Iodine. The requirement for iodine is small, probably about 0.002 to 0.004 mg. daily for each kilogram of body weight, or a total of 0.15 to 0.30 mg. daily for the adult. This need is met by the regular use of iodized salt its use is especially imporant in adolescence and pregnancy. 

The most obvious requirement for calcium in the body is in the mineral of bones and teeth — a complex mixture of calcium carbonates and phosphates (hydroxyapatite) together with magnesium salts and fluorides. An adult has about 1.2 kg of calcium in the body, 99% of which is in the skeleton and teeth. This means that calcium requirements are especially high in times of rapid growth — during infancy and adolescence, and in pregnancy and lactation. 

In the vitamin D deficiency disease rickets, the bones of children are undermineralized as a result of poor absorption of calcium. Similar problems occur in adolescents who are deficient during their growth spurt. Osteomalacia in adults results from demineralization of bone in women who have little exposure to sunlight, often after several pregnancies. Although vitamin D is essential for prevention and treatment of osteomalacia in the elderly, there is little evidence that it is beneficial in treating osteoporosis. 

Weissman, M.M., Warner, V, Wickramaratne, P.J., and Kandel, D.B. (1999) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychopathology in offspring followed to adulthood. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 892-899. 

Congenital malformations constitute some of the potentially most serious side effects in newborns of women taking CBZ (Kayemba Kay et ah, 1997). Caution should be exercised in prescribing anticonvulsants to female adolescents. All women of childbearing age should receive a detailed history and pregnancy test, if necessary, before starting on CBZ or DVP. 

Koch, S., Titze, K., Zimmermann, R.B., Schroder, M., Lehmkuhl, U., and Rauh, H. (1999) Long-term neuropsychological consequences of maternal epilepsy and anticonvulsant treatment during pregnancy for school-age children and adolescents. Epilepsia 40 1237-1246. 

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