Adhesive and coating formulations

Most formulations for polyamide-imides start with a dipolar aprotic solvent such as NMP, DMAC, DMF, or DMSO and then diversify from there. To reduce the solution viscosity, diluents such as xylene and 

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Secondary amines can successfully be used as heat cure catalysts if sufficient steric stabilization and/or chemical deactivation of the amine functional group occurs to promote room temperature stability. Several examples are shown in Table VII. Crystalline bis(N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropyl) amine tetrahydrate has been used in epoxy adhesive and coating formulations as a stable curative. Interestingly, the water of hydration was found to act both as a cure accelerator and a flow stabilizer. 

Cationic iodonium and sulfonium salts of strong acids are well known as UV-activatable strong acid sources, but they have also found use as heat-activatable acid sources in epoxy resins. Diaryliodonium salts, such as diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate (67), have found use with activators, e.g., benzopinacol, in epoxy adhesive and coating formulations. Cure times of several minutes at 160 C were claimed, with good room temperature latency. In a series of patents issued to Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K., several strong acid salts of aliphatic sulfonium compounds have been described as catalysts in heat curing epoxy compositions (68). " The counteranions... 

The largest alternate use for kaolin clay is in paper manufacture. Kaolin clay is also used as an extender and filler in plastic compounds as well as in adhesives and coatings formulations. Last but not least, it is used in the production of ceramics. 

The electrical resistivity and low dissipation factor of Uniplex 125-A make It especially useful in electrical insulation applications. Other suggested applications are polyvinyl chloride film, polyvinylIdene chloride film, and adhesive and coatings formulations. 

Uses Higher strength defoamer than Foamkill 608 economical defoamer for adhesive and coating formulations may be added to the grind or let-down UseLevei 0.5-10%... 

Tertiary amines form a further important class of catalytic hardeners. For example, triethylamine has found use in adhesive formulations. Also of value are the aromatic substituted tertiary amines such as benzyldimethylamine and dimethyldiaminophenol. They have found uses in adhesive and coating applications. A long pot life may be achieved by the use of salts of the aromatic substituted amines. 

S-B-S, S-I-S and S-EB-S polymers are widely used in adhesive, sealing and coating formulations as well as being important additives to many asphalt formulations. 

Chlorinated aromatics, including monochlorobenzene (MCB), o-dichloroben-zene (o-DCB), and p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), are the major chlorinated aromatic species produced on an industrial scale. MCB is used as both a chemical intermediate and a solvent. As an intermediate, it is used to produce chloroni-trobenzene, pesticides, and pharmaceutical products. In solvent applications, MCB is used in the manufacture of isocyanates. Its high solvency allows it to be used with many types of resins, adhesives, and coatings. The o-dichlorobenzene is used primarily for organic synthesis, especially in the production of 3,4-dichlo-roaniline herbicides. Like MCB, it can be used as a solvent, especially in the production of isocyanates. It is also used in motor oil and paint formulations. The p-dichlorobenzene is used as a moth repellent and for the control of mildew and fungi. It also is used for odor control. It is a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals. 

Because of their low viscosity, cycloaliphatic epoxies are often used to dilute other epoxy resins. These resins, however, have not achieved general importance in adhesive formulations because of relatively low tensile strength and because they do not cure well at room temperature. One major application for cycloaliphatic epoxies, however, is for adhesives and coatings that can be cationically cured by exposure to uv light. 

Visible light cured epoxy adhesives and coatings have been developed for architectural, industrial, and maintenance applications and for products difficult to heat or uv/EB cure because of their size. These are clear, one-part epoxy resins that cure by exposure to visible light for a few hours. They are formulated with cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds and a cationic photoinitiator that generates a strong acid when exposed to sunlight. 

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is primarily used as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy resin circuit boards. Both hydroxyl groups on TBBPA can be reacted with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions to form the diglycidyl ether, which is widely used in epoxy resin formulations. TBBPA is also used in polycarbonate and ether polyester resins and is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of tetrabromobisphenol A allyl ether, -bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether), -carbonate oligomer, and -diglycidyl ether. TBBA is also used as a flame retardant in plastics, paper, and textiles, and as a plasticizer in adhesives and coatings. 

Trichloroethane is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in the production of 1,2-dichloroe-thene and vinylidine chloride. It is also used in adhesives, lacquers, coating formulations, for chlorinated rubbers and polyesters, as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and in the production of Teflon tubing. 

ATBC is used as a plasticizer for flexible films made of vinylchloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer and cellulose. It is used as a plasticizer in food contact applications and in vinyl toys for children (low toxicity). ATBC provides adherence to metals, low volatility, and resistance to yellowing. Also used in ink formulations, vinyl gloves, a non-VOC solvent in nitrocellulose propellants, a plasticizer in nail polishes, adhesives and coatings, and for coating both paperboard and foil. 

These new dithiol-modified liquid polysulfide polymers have lower viscosity and improved compatibility with formulating ingredients (e.g., plasticizers, pigments, and fillers). Thus dithiol-modified liquid polysulfide polymers give more latitude in the formulation of high-performance sealants, adhesives, and coatings. The volatile organic content (VOQ of such products is lower than that of products formulated by conventional liquid polysulfide polymers. 

Chem. Descrip. Alkyl methacrylate polymer in hydrocarbon oil Uses Vise, index improver for formulation of high vise, index hydraulic fluids emulsifier, dispersant for emulsion polymerization reactive diluent for adhesives and coatings... 

Uses Intermediate for Friedel-Crafts synthesis stabilizer for chlorinated solvents fuel additive specialty solvent for coating, adhesive, and Ink formulations solvent for cellulose esters, vinyl, alkyd, other resins and waxes propellant raw material for pharmaceutical synthesis (ot-me-thyldopa, a hypertensive drug, phenylpropanolamine, in bronchial decongestants and appetite suppressants)... 

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