Prostatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic

Tables 8 and 9 show how some of the previously mentioned antibodies can distinguish between metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown primaries in females and males, respectively. The panels are similar except for ERP (estrogen receptor protein), GCDFP-15, and S-100, which are used in females for their specificity for gynecologic tumors and PSA (prostatic specific antigen), used in males for its specificity for prostatic adenocarcinoma. These antibodies cannot absolutely distinguish among the tumor sources listed. However, they can guide pathologists and clinicians on which organs need to be further examined to determine the primary source of a metastatic tumor.

Breast, ovarian, cervical, bladder and prostate cancer gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas Metastatic pancreatic cancer small cell lung cancer Leukemia Breast cancer... 

McConkey, D. J., Lin, Y., Nutt, L. K., Ozel, H. Z. and Newman, R. A., 2000, Cardiac glycosides stimulate Ca2+ increases and apoptosis in androgen-independent, metastatic human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 60, 3807-12. 

M. Hussain. 2000. Phase II study of dolas-tatin-10 in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 6 4205-4208. 

Several lines of evidence indicate that active motility of tumor cells is required in the metastatic process. The metastatic potential of Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma sublines best correlates with their ability to move on a substrate, as assessed either by a visual grading system of time-lapse videomicroscopy, or by a computerized mathematical system using spatial temporal Fourier analysis (Mohler, 1993). Similarly, the high metastatic capacity of a v-fos-transfected rat fibrosarcoma cell line corre-... 

Doyle, G. M., Sharief, Y. and Mohler, J. L. (1992). Prediction of metastatic potential by cancer cell motility in the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma in vivo model. J. Urol, 147, 514—518. 

Mohler, J. L., Levy, F. and Sharief, Y. (1991). Metastatic potential and substrate dependence of cell motility and attachment in the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model. Cancer Res. 51, 6580-6585. 

N. Masumori, T.Z. Thomas, P. Chaurand, T. Case, M. Paul, S. Kasper, R.M. Caprioli, T. Tsukamoto, S.B. Shappell and R.J. Matusik, A probasin-large T antigen transgenic mouse line develops prostate adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma with metastatic potential. Cancer Research, 61, 2239-2249 (2001). 

Castanospermine s antitumor potential continues to receive attention. Recent in vitro studies have examined inhibition of tyrosinase activity in human melanoma cells (181), effects on intracellular transport of an avian erythroblastosis oncoprotein (277), and consequences for biosynthesis, maturation, and transport of ai-antitrypsin in the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line (257,272). The latter study was the first to show the inability of 239 to permeate the plasma membrane in intact HepG2 cells. In vivo experiments with nude mice proved that the alkaloid altered the glycosylation of endothelial cells, prevented angiogenesis, and inhibited tumor growth (273). However, recent in vivo studies failed to reveal cytotoxicity towards two rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, or effects on cell characteristics related to metastatic potential (274). Uptake and metabolism of the more lipophilic 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine in tumor cell lines and after oral administration to mice was traced with C-labeled material, and showed rapid conversion into the parent alkaloid, which is undoubtedly the active metabolite (275). Multiple dosing in mice produced additive results. 

In women presenting with adenocarcinoma in the axilla, the primary tumor is most often found in the ipsilateral breast. For the patient who presents with metastatic adenocarcinoma in the neck, the metastatic workup will begin in the lung (males) or breast (females), although gastrointestinal and prostate adenocarcinomas both show a predilection for the left side of the neck. 2... 

FIGURE 10.50 Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine cells. Immunoperoxidase stain for chromogranin A shows positivity in a few tumor cells. 

Sheridan T, Herawi M, Epstein JI, Illei PB. The role of P501S and PSA in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 31 1351. 

Yin M, Dhir R, Parwani AV. Diagnostic utility of p501s (pros-tein) in comparison to prostate specific antigen (PSA) for the detection of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol. 2007 2 41. 

CEA level in serum is a widely accepted tumor marker used for the diagnosis of various types of adenocarcinoma and for the follow-up of tumor progression and metastatic activity as well as the monitoring of the efficiency of chemotherapy. CEA serum level is elevated in the majority of colorectal adenocarcinoma and in 40-75% of gastric, pancreatic, lung and breast adenocarcinoma. CEA is not expressed by prostatic... 

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