Adaptation, microbiological

Source Adapted, from Benz, R., 1984. Sti ucture and selecdvity of porin channels. Current Topics in Membrane TrawsjiJorf 21 199-219 and Benz, R., 1988. Sti ucture and function of porins from Gram-negative bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 42 359-393. 

Figure 6.4 Stylised representation of changing parameters and penicillin production in cultures of Penldlllum notatum, grown as a surface culture on Czapek-Dox medium (adapted from Hockenhull DJ-D "Production of Antibiotics by Fermentation in Essays in Applied Microbiology edited by Norris J R Richmond M H 1981. John Wiley Sons Ltd Chichester).

Many small laboratories use kitchen cabinets, also available in wood or steel, and are quite happy with them. Normal prices of high quality kitchen cabinets are not much lower than those of the laboratory variety, but special bargains are often available. They come in far fewer types of units, which make the laboratory benches less adaptable to specific uses. Finishes are not made to resist chemicals, and the overall construction is seldom of the heavy-duty type. In a microbiological laboratory where they have been used for years, however, workers have been pleased with them. They were adequate for the light duty service and were purchased when a local dealer had a clearance sale. 

L. Van Overbeek and J. D. Van Elsas, Adaptation of bacteria to soil conditions application of molecular physiology in soil microbiology. Modern Soil Microbiology (J. D. Van Elsas, J. T. Trevors, and E. M. Wellington, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997, p. 441. 

Figure 9.1 Towards life. (Adapted from Deaner 1997, with permission from the American Society for Microbiology)...

Figure 4.8. The sulfur cycle where S° is elemental sulfur, H2S is hydrogen sulfide, S2032" is thiosulfate, SO32" is sulfite, SO/- is sulfate, R-OSO3H represents a sulfate ester, R-SO3H a sulfonic acid, R-S-R a thioether, and R-SH a thiol. (Adapted from Coyne MS. Soil Microbiology An Experimental Approach. Boston Delmar Publishers 1999.)...

In a further study the oxidation of the methyl carbon of methanearsonate was associated with the oxidation of soil organic matter in a number of soils. Additions of organic matter to a Norfolk loamy sand greatly increased the decomposition of methanearsonate. In three of the soils, there was no evidence of microbiological adaptation to methanearsonate. In Norfolk loamy sand, however, increasing decomposition of methanearsonate relative to soil organic matter occurred with time of incubation. 

Culture-dependent methods to characterize antibiotic resistance in the environment are essentially based on the guidelines developed for clinical and veterinary microbiology (e.g. [20, 66-69]). Nevertheless, several adaptations have been introduced. 

Lajoie, C. A., Chen, S. Y., Oh, K. C., Strom, P. F. (1992). Development and use of field application vectors to express non-adaptive foreign genes in competitive environments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 655-63. 

Fulthorpe, R. R. Wyndham, R. C. (1992). Involvement of a chlorobenzoate-catabolic transposon, Tn5271, in community adaptation to chlorobiphenyl, chloroaniline, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a freshwater ecosystem. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 314-25. 

Bryant, F.O., Hale, D.D. Rogers, J.E. (1991)- Regiospecific dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by dichlorophenol-adapted microorganisms in fresh water, anaerobic sediment slurries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 2293-301. 

Barkay, T. Olson, B. H. (1986). Phenotypic and genotypic adaptation of aerobic heterotrophic sediment bacterial communities to mercury stress. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52, 403-6. 

Sobecky, P.A., Schell, M.A., Moran, M. A. Hodson, R. E. (1992). Adaption of model genetically engineered microorganisms to lake water growth rate enhancements and plasmid loss. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 3630-7-... 

Freimoser, F. M., Hu, G., and St. Leger, R. J. (2005). Variation in gene expression patterns as the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae adapts to different host cuticle or nutrient deprivation in vitro. Microbiology, 151, 361-371. 

Adapted from Haesaert CT. Clinical manual of ocular microbiology and cytology. St. Louis Mosby, 1993 80-84. 

Accreditation with flexible scope allows laboratories who receive requests for evaluation and analysis to quickly provide customers with a service adapted to their actual needs (Fig. 2), and provides food and water microbiology authorities with new test methods which can be brought rapidly to bear in cases of public health crisis. 

---