Metarhizium anisopliae

Rodrigues, C. and Pratissoli, D. 1990. Pathogenicity of Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc. Petch) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Mots Sorok) and its effect on the com weevil and bean beetle. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Bras. 190, 301-306. 

Finally, the antifungal properties of a-pinene and limonene, two monoter-penes frequently found in the defensive secretion of Nasutitermes termites, was studied. In vitro assays showed that these molecules reduce spore germination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae through direct and indirect (vapor) contact [225]. Moreover, some diterpenes isolated from these insects have also an antibiotic activity on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis [226]. 

Recently, many hyperparasites of the tick have been evaluated as control methods, in particular the entomogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae [147-149], Beauveria bassiana [112], Verticillium lecanii [150] and the bacteria Cedecea lapagei 117 and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki [151]. 

Finally, also for these ticks, the biological control with the entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae [111,112] or different strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis [167,168], showed different degrees, of effectiveness. 

Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Biotoxins Cyanobacteria TT B (Milner et al., 2002)... 

Milner, R.J., Lim, R.P. and Hunter, D.M. (2002) Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia, Pest Management Science 58 (7), 718-723. 

Cole, S. C. J., Chamley, A. K., and Cooper, R. M. (1993). Purification and partial characterization of a novel trypsin-like cysteine protease from Metarhizium anisopliae. FEMSMicrobiology Letters 113, 189-196. 

Fang, W., and Bidochka, M. J. (2006). Expression of genes involved in germination, conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in Metarhizium anisopliae using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Mycological Research, 110, 1165-1171. 

Freimoser, F. M., Hu, G., and St. Leger, R. J. (2005). Variation in gene expression patterns as the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae adapts to different host cuticle or nutrient deprivation in vitro. Microbiology, 151, 361-371. 

Joshi, L., St. Leger, R. J., and Roberts, D. W. (1997). Isolation of a cDNA encoding a novel subtilisin-like protease (PrlB) from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae using differential display-RT-PCR. Gene, 197, 1-8. 

Krieger de Moraes, C., Schrank, A., and Vainstein, M. H. (2003). Regulation of extracellular chitinases and proteases in the entomopathogen and acaricide Metarhizium anisopliae. Current Microbiology, 46, 205-210. 

Mohanty, S. S., Raghavendra, K., and Dash, A. P. (2008). Induction of chymoelastase (Prl) of Metarhizium anisopliae and its role in causing mortality to mosquito larvae. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 2283-2288. 

Pei, Y., Ji, Z., Yang, X., Lu, X., and Xia, Y. (2000). Purification and characterization of cuticle-degrading protease from entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Wei Sheng WuXueBao, 40, 306-311. 

Qazi, S. S., and Khachatourians, G. G. (2007). Hydrated conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae release a family of metalloproteases. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 95, 48-59. 

Sasaki, S. D., de Lima, C. A., Lovato, D. V., Juliano, M. A., Torquato, R. J. S., and Tanaka, A. S. (2008). BmSI-7, a novel subtilisin inhibitor from Boophilus microplus, with activity toward Prl proteases from the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Experimental Parasitology, 118, 214-220. 

Screen, S., Bailey, A., Chamley, K., Cooper, R., and Clarkson, J. (1997). Carbon regulation of the cuticle-degrading enzyme PR1 from Metarhizium anisopliae may involve a transacting DNA-binding protein CRR1, a functional equivalent of the Aspergillus nidulans CREA protein. Current Genetics, 31, 511-518. 

Shah, F. A., Wang, C. S., and Butt, T. M. (2005). Nutrition influences growth and virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 251, 259-266. 

Small, C. L., and Bidochka, M. J. (2005). Up-regulation of Prl, a subtilisin-like protease, during conidiation in the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycological Research, 109, 307-313. 

St. Leger, R. J., Durrands, P. K., Cooper, R. M., and Chamley A. K. (1988b). Regulation of production of proteolytic enzymes by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Archives of Microbiology, 150, 413-416. 

St. Leger, R. J., Nelson, J. O., and Screen, S. E. (1999). The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae alters ambient pH, allowing extracellular protease production and activity. Microbiology (UK), 145, 2691-2699. 

B Cyanobacteria (yanucamides A, B) [37] marine bacteria3, marine sediments3 [38]. PR Dinoflagellata (dehydro-/ -Ala, palytoxin) [36]. Fa Ascomycota Alternaria brassicae, Metarhizium anisopliae (destruxin B) [32] Hapsidospora irregularis (leualacin) [39] ... 

The importance of buffering capacity was exhibited in the entomopathogen formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae (11) (12). The conidia of M. anisopliae were stored for six... 

Paterson IC, Chamley AK, Cooper RM, Clarkson JM Partial characterization of specific inducers of a cuticle-degrading protease from the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Microbiology 1994 140 3153-3159. 

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