Acrylic modified polypropylene

AEPDM acrylonitrile/ ethylene-propylene- AMPP acrylic modified polypropylene... 

Albert KA et al (1993) Acrylic modified polypropylene for thin-gauge thermoforming improved processing properties and economics. J Plast Film Sheeting 9 293-305, October... 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

The same technique can be used to dye a material that is otherwise difficult to dye. An ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber was reacted first with maleic anhydride, then with an aromatic amine dye in an extruder to produce a dyed rubber.81 Dye sites can also be inserted into polyolefins by grafting them with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, using azo or peroxide catalysts in an extruder.82 jV-Vinylimidazole has been grafted to polyethylene in an extruder with the help of dicumylperoxide.83 The product was mixed with an acrylic acid-modified polypropylene and used to compatibilize polyethylene and polypropylene. This could be helpful in the recycling of mixed polyolefins from municipal solid waste. Recycling of cross-linked (thermoset) polymers is more of a problem because they cannot be remelted in an extruder. However, they can be if... 

Acrylate styrene acrylonitrile Acrylate modified styrene acrylonitrile Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber or nitrile butadiene rubber Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Acrylonitrile styrene/chlorinated polyethylene Acrylonitrile methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile styrene/EPR rubber or, acrylonitrile ethylene propylene styrene Alpha methyl styrene Atactic polypropylene Butadiene rubber or, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber or, polybutadiene rubber Butadiene styrene block copolymer Butyl rubber Bulk molding compound Casein formaldehyde Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate butyrate Cellulose acetate propionate Cellulose nitrate Chlorinated polyethylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloro-polyethylene or, chlorinated polyethylene. 

AM Adur, S Flynn. Performance Enhancement in Talc-Filled Polypropylene Obtained by Addition of Acrylic Acid Modified Polypropylene. ANTEC, 1987, pp. 508-513. 

In Chapter 3, mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene are improved by addition of a coupling agent. Likewise, the in situ generation of modified polypropylene by grafting acrylic acid onto the polymer backbone in the Nichols and Kheradi investigation yields enhanced tensile strength compared with unfilled polypropylene and uncoupled composite (Fig. 10.2). 

Heat deflection temperature changes are shown in Fig. 14.4. Highest heat deflection temperatures were obtained with KMG silane treatment and by addition of an acrylic acid modified polypropylene. The 241 and 240°F heat deflection temperatures are approximately 20% higher than observed with untreated mica. 

Graft copolymers between unsatnrated acids, especially acrylic acid and maleic anhydride (MA), and polyolefins (PE and PP) are widely used as surface modifiers and compatibilisers, sometimes in combination with bi-functional coupling agents [46], for talc, calcium carbonate and calcined clays. Such polymer coatings include polypropylene-maleic anhydride [47], polypropylene c/s-4-cyclohexene-l,2 dicarboxylic acid [48], polystearyl or polylauryl acrylate [49], polypropylene-acrylic acid, partially oxidised poly(butane diol) [50] and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [51]. Acid-containing products can react with basic fillers. With most other types, they will simply adsorb on to the mineral surface, but they can form esters with some non-basic metal hydroxyls, notably silanols. 

There are polymer additives that can serve the function of coupling agents. Acrylic acid-modified polypropylene has been used to improve the properties of filled and reinforced polypropylene compounds. Fig. 7 shows the improvement in tensile strength that is obtained... 

BULK AND NANO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACE MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE FILMS WITH ACRYLIC ACID AS GRAFTING AGENT... 

Research into controlled-release antimicrobials continues with organo-silver compounds and silver zeolites, which are promising candidates for textile finishes. Silver ions, for example, incorporated in glass ceramic, have a very low toxicity profile and excellent heat stability. These principles are also used for fibre modification, an alternative to the antimicrobial finishes with high permanence. In recent years a variety of antimicrobial modified fibres have been developed, including polyester, nylon, polypropylene and acrylic types. An example of these fibre modifications is the incorporation of 0.5-2 % of organic nitro compounds... 

Plastics that are commonly processed by extrusion include acrylics (polymethacrylates, polyacrylates) and copolymers of acrylonitrile cellulosics (cellulose acetate, propionate, and acetate butyrate) polyethylene (low and high density) polypropylene polystyrene vinyl plastics polycarbonates and nylons. The material properties and extrusion properties have been reviewed by Whelan and Dunning.Additives that may be included to modify or enhance proper-ties include lubricants and antislip agents to assist processing during extrusion plasticizers to achieve softness and flexibility stabilizers and antioxidants to retard or prevent degradation and dyes and pigments. 

A carbon black addition above a percolation threshold of 5 vol% increases the conductivity until a plateau is reached at 20 vol%. " As the level increases above 10 vol%, the viscosity of the filled polypropylene increases rapidly (see Figure 9.9). As with polyethylene, carbon black is preferentially contained in one phase of a two phase blend."" This phenomenon is used in practice to lower the concentration of carbon black required for a certain level of conductivity. Here, again, carbon black is concentrated in the preferred location. Carbon black and copper powder were used to improve connectivity of YBaCuO in ceramic superconductors. "" Dispersion of copper particles and the related changes in conductivity were enhanced by the presence of acrylic acid modifier. ... 

NMR spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the behavior under uniaxially mechanical deformation. A study of drawn fibers prepared from an isotactic polypropylene modified by an ethylene-aminoalkyl acrylate copo-l)uner has been done using the broad line of H NMR. NMR spectra were measured on the set of fibers prepared with a draw ratio X from q to 5.5 at two temperatures, one of them corresponding to the onset of segmental motion and the other one is the middle of the temperature interval as determined by decrease of the second moment 2D time-domain H NMR was used to... 

Fig. 7. Plots of oxygen uptake against time [333] (a) linear, polymers that show no induction period but absorb oxygen at a relatively constant rate (polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate) (b) autoretardant, polymers that exhibit no induction period but initially absorb oxygen at a relatively rapid rate, followed by a slower steady rate (polyethylene, polypropylene, nylons) (c) polymers that display autocatalytic behaviour (the modified acrylics, acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene copolymer) (d) polymers that can be considered a combination of autocatalytic and autoretardant, (c) and (d) can be considered as autocatalytic, since the processes usually become autoretardant in the later stages of oxidation.

Monomers which have also been demonstrated to have been grafted to polyethylene and polypropylene film by this process include styrene and various acrylated esters, mixtures of acrylated esters, and acrylonitrile. The application of this technology to improving the barrier properties of films is discussed. Some initial data on the O2 barrier, fragrance/aroma, and haze performance of these graft modified films indicate substantial Improvement and place them in the high barrier range where dry Oo permeabilities of less than 1 cc/100 ln /24 hrs. are ootained. 

Impact modifiers are added primarily to PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides and polyesters. They absorb the energy generated by impact and dissipate it in a non-destructive way. Impact modifiers are physically rubbery and semi-compatible with the polymer. The mechanism of absorbing impact in polymers is not fuUy understood, but these additives increase the tensile strength of the material. The impact modifiers most commonly used include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers, acrylics and ethylene-vinyl acetate (Carraher, 2000). ABS generates opacity or stress-whitening when used as... 

Compatibilisers are intentional additives, incorporated into multi-component, multiphase polymer systems. They are usually block copolymers, whose segments are soluble in different components of the mixture. Compatibilisers can be reactive (if they form bonds with one of the polymers in the mixture) with reactive groups like acrylic or methacrylic, maleic anhydride, or glycidyl methacrylate), or non-reactive. The main classes of compatibilisers are (a) modified PE and polypropylene-styrene containing polymers, (b) macromonomers, (c) silane-modified materials. 

---