Aciylonitrile

Aciylonitrile production has increased from 3.9 kg/s to 4.6 kg/s, which corresponds to an 18% yield enhancement for the plant This production increase is a result of better allocation of process streams the essence of mass integration. For a selling value of 0.6/kg of AN, the additional production of 0.7 kg AN/s can provide an annual revenue of 13.3 million/yr ... 

A use is for internally illuminated signs in which any color can be introduced. Its dii sional stability recommends it for many optical uses. Acrylics are modified by copoly-mf ition to improve impact strength at the loss their extreme transparency.. An example is aci -modified polyvinyl chloride sheet, which is tougher than aciylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate and is suitable for corrosion-resistant pans, aircraft parts and materia idling equipment. 

C13-0092. Use the polymerization of aciylonitrile to describe each of the three steps of free radical polymerization. Write structures that illustrate the steps. 

Eind the standard free energy change for the aciylonitrile s Tithesis discussed in Example. ... 

This chapter reports about an investigation on the catalytic gas-phase armnoxidation of u-hexane aimed at the production of 1,6-Ce dinitriles, precursors for the synthesis of hexamethylenediamine. Catalysts tested were those also active and selective in the ammoxidation of propane to aciylonitrile mtile-type V/Sb and SnA /Nb/Sb mixed oxides. Several A-containing compounds formed however, the selectivity to cyano-containing aliphatic linear Ce compounds was low, due to the relevant contribution of side reactions such as combustion, cracking and formation of heavy compounds. 

NICNAS. Aciylonitrile - Priority Exisiting Chemical Assessment Report No. 10. National Indusitrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. 

Buna-N Is a copol5mier of 1,3-butadIene and aciylonitrile and Buna-S is a copolymer of 1,3-butadIene and styrene. 

Monsanto (1) A process for making adiponitrile, an intermediate in the manufacture of Nylon 66, by the electrolytic hydrodimerization (EHD) of aciylonitrile ... 

SOHIO [Standard Ohio] The Standard Oil Company of Ohio (later BP Chemicals America) has developed many processes, but its ammoxidation process, for converting propylene to aciylonitrile, is the one mostly associated with its name. First operated in the United States in 1960, it is the predominant process for making acrylonitrile used in the world today. Jacobs, M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1996, 74(41), 40. 

A chiral benzo-14-crown-4 derivative (RR)-T1 has been prepared (121) from (2J ,3J )-2,3-butanediol by applying to the chiral diol a chain extension procedure that involves (i) addition of aciylonitrile to both hydroxyl groups, (ii)... 

Approximately 80% of all hydrogen cyanide is manufactured by the reaction of air, ammonia, and natural gas over a platinum or platinum-rhodium catalyst at elevated temperature. The reaction is referred to as the Andrussow process. Hydrogen cyanide is also available as a by-product from aciylonitrile manufacture by ammoxidation (20%). 

Other polymerisation incidents are t Acrylaldehyde, 1145 Acrylamide, 1180 Aery he acid, 1148 Aciyhc acid. Initiator, Water, 1148 t Aciylonitrile, 1107 t Aciylonitrile, Initiators, 1107 t Aciylonitrile, Silver nitrate, 1107 t Aciyloyl chloride, 1093 Allyl 4-toluenesulfonate, 3315 Aluminium chloride, Alkenes, 0062 3 - Aminopr opiononitrile f Aziridine, Acids, 0863 2,2 -Azobis(2-amidiniopropane) chloride, 3089 t 1,3-Butadiene, 1480... 

Bis(aciylonitrile)nickel(0), 2312 l,2-Bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane, 0797 Bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonite, 2611 Bromodimethylborane, 0887 Calcium silicide, 3943 Cerimn trisulfide, 3967 Chromimn(II) acetate, 1493 Chromimn(II) oxide, 4241 Cobalt(III) nitride, 4214 Cobaltai) sulfide, 4218 Dicobalt boride, 0128 Dimethyl ethanephosphonite, 1732 Europium(II) sulfide, 4293 2-Fm-aldehyde, 1836 Indimn(II) oxide, 4641... 

A new development is a bioprocess for the hydrolysis of aciylonitrile to ammonium acrylate, which is a key component of polymers used in products as diverse as paints, dyes, cosmetics, plastics, papers and even disposable nappies. The big advantage of the bioprocess is that acrylonitrile hydrolysis would otherwise be very energy intensive. 

Grosjean, D., Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 3. Unsaturated Aliphatics Acrolein, Aciylonitrile, Maleic Anhydride, /. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 40, 1664-1668 (1990c). 

Acrylonitrile has not been detected to occur at measurable concentrations in ambient air. Measurable levels of atmospheric acrylonitrile are associated with industrial sources. Mean 24-h aciylonitrile concentrations in atmospheric samples collected within 5 km of factories producing or using acrylonitrile ranged from less than 0.1 to 325 j,g/m3. The occurrence of acrylonitrile was correlated with wind patterns the highest concentrations were downwind of and in close proximity to the plant. The median concentration of aciy lonitrile for 43 measurements in source-dominated areas (i.e., near chemical plants) was 2.1 jig/m (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990). 

Ahmed et al. (1982) examined the distribution of [l- Cjacrylonitrile (46.5 mg/kg bw orally) in rats. Some 55% of the dose was recovered in the excreta in 24 h (urine, 40% faeces, 2% exhaled as CO . 9% as H (. 0.5% and acrylonitrile, 4.8%). In addition to appreciable retention in the erythrocytes (a feature of the behaviour of meta-bolically formed thiocyanate noted by Bollard et al., 1997), there occurred covalent binding to tissue macromolecules in liver, kidney, spleen, brain, limg and heart. Ahmed et al. (1983) also compared the tissue distribution of [l- C]- and 2,3- - C]aciylonitrile in rats at the same dose level (46.5 mg/kg bw). There was much more covalent binding of radioactive species in all organs examined after administration of [2,3- - C]acr lo-nitrile, suggesting that metabolites other than thiocyanate play a major role in its retention in the body. 

Antonev, A.A. Rogailin, V.I. (1970) Professional dermatoses caused by aciylonitrile and then-... 

Benz, F.W., Nerland, D.E., Pierce, W.M. Babiuk, C. (1990) Acute aciylonitrile toxicity studies on the mechanism of the antidotal effect of D- and L-cysteine and their A-acetyl derivatives in the rat. Toxicol, appl. Pharmacol., 102, 142-150... 

Benz, F.W., Nerland, D.E., Corbett, D. Li, J. (1997a) Biological markers of acute aciylonitrile intoxication in rats as a function of dose and time. Fundam. appl. Toxixol., 36, 141-148 Benz, F.W., Nerland, D.E., Li, J. Corbett, D. (1997b) Dose dependence of covalent binding of... 

Bergmark, E. (1997) Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and aciylonitrile in laboratory workers, smokers and nonsmokers. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 78-84... 

Gut, I., Kopecky, J. Filip, J. (1981) Aciylonitrile- " C metabolism in rats effect of the route of administration on the elimination of thiocyanate and other radioactive metabolites in urine and feces. J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol., 25, 12-16... 

Similar results were obtained in the pervaporation separation of acetic acid-water mixtures using blended polyacrylic acid-nylon 6 membranes [22], poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-aciylonitrile) membranes [11] and in the permeation and separation of aqueous alcohol solutions through PVA-AN-HEMA latex membranes [5],... 

Fischer prepared poly(styrene-co-aciylonitrile) and polystyrene by stable free radical emulsion polymerization using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1 -piper-idinyloxy with potassium peroxodisulfate at 120°C under elevated pressures. Polystyrene samples prepared in this manner had molecular weights of up to 35,000 daltons with polydispersities of less than 1.5. 

Class 6 Poisons such as acetone cyanohydrin, acetonitrile, aciylonitrile, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, aniline, epiclilorohydrin, lead alkyls, organophosphorus compounds. 

Monoammoniuin phosphate Diammonium phosphate Nitric oxide Aciylonitrile Caprolactam Monomethylamine Dinietliylamine Hexametliylenetetramine Trimethylamine Monoethanolamine Dietlianolainine Trietlianolainine Hydrogen Cyanide Fatty nitrogen compounds (niuiles, amines, quaternary ammonimn compounds)... 

MVK = methytvinytketone NQ = l,44iaphthoquinone DAC = din thylacetytene di-carboxylate FN = rn7Rs-l,2-dicyano-ethylene ACN = aciylonitrile FMI = N-phenyl-maleinimide. 

Aciylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, an important rubber-toughened thermoplastic, is widely used owing to its favorable cost/performance ratio. The advantages of ABS include its luster and resistance to impact [1-2]. ABS is therefore used in various instruments and structures for small elemental parts as well as large structural ones. In spite of... 

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