Silicide, calcium

The DSC/DTA TG analysis of a binary pyrolant (CaSi2/PTFE 50/50) reveals onset of a first exothermic reaction at 450 °C with peak at 490°C and a consecutive 

Sn(10 (xm)/PTFE (Fluon L169 B) (72/28) undergoes a broad exothermal reaction at temperatures between 450 and 500°C [41]. 

Haiduc, I. and Zuckerman, J.J. (1985) Basic Organometallic Chemistry, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 46. 

Sneddon, LG. and Lagow, R.J. (1975) Vapour synthesis of polylithium compounds the effect of halogens in activating the carbon-hydrogen bond. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 302-303. 

and Lagow, R.J. (1978) The reaction of lithium vapour with benzene and halobenzenes. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 29, 77-81. 

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Norsabite. An AN coal mining expl of the Favier type contg a small amt of calcium silicide as sensitizer AN 68, TNT 12, NaCI 17 Ca silicide 3%, Power by BalPend is 2.64" vs 3.27w for standard Brit 60% Gelignite Ref Marshall 3 (1932), 119... 

Calcium sulphate is reduced violently by aluminium. In the presence of this sulphate, red phosphorus, which was previously treated by potassium nitrate and calcium silicide, combusted violently. 

Triferric tetroxide gives rise to a highly violent detonation when it was heated with calcium silicide combined with aluminium and sodium nitrate. 

Barium sulphate is not a strong oxidant yet it can give rise to a very violent thermite reaction when it is heated in the presence of a very electropositive metal. This applies to aluminium for which an accident was described. In addition, there was an accident which involved a mixture of this sulphate with red phosphorus although the latter had been previously treated with potassium nitrate and calcium silicide. 

A proportion of finely divided aluminium is often added to TNT explosives in order to increase the power. As aluminium has also a sensitising effect, it is particularly useful in waterproofed compositions. Another power producing additive which is sometimes employed in large diameter charges where its slow reaction is of less disadvantage is calcium silicide. Care must be taken with this material, however, to ensure that it does not lead to sensitiveness to friction and impact. 

A mixture of potassium nitrate (or sodium nitrate) and calcium silicide (60 40) is a readily ignited primer which bums at a very high temperature. It is capable of... 

Bis(acrylonitrile)nickel(0), 2312 l,2-Bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane, 0797 Bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonite, 2611 Bromodimethylborane, 0887 Calcium silicide, 3943 Cerium trisulfide, 3967 Chromium(II) acetate, 1493 Chromium(II) oxide, 4241 Cobalt(III) nitride, 4214 Cobalt(II) sulfide, 4218 Dicobalt boride, 0128 Dimethyl ethanephosphonite, 1732 Europium(II) sulfide, 4293 2-Furaldehyde, 1836 Indium(II) oxide, 4641... 

Piombite. Accdg to Caprio (Ref 11, Vol 2, p 96) and Belgrano (Ref 31, p 351), it is an expl mixture consisting of Lead nitrate 76, Tri-nitronaphthalene 16, Calcium silicide 5 vaseline 3%. Trauzl Test value 155cc vs 285cc for TNT. It was used in mining expls... 

The fuels are finely powdered metals (2.0-10.0 g) among which titanium, zirconium, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum and antimony are very common. Sometimes, non-metal powders such as boron and silicon (for fast burning delays), binary alloy powders such as ferrosilicon, zirconium-nickel, aluminum-palladium and metal compounds such as antimony sulfide, calcium silicide etc. are also used. 

The following metals have been suggested for this purpose magnesium, aluminium, zinc and also silicon sometimes ferro-silicon, alumino-silicon and calcium silicide are also employed. Deissler [54] was the first (1897) to recommend aluminium as a component of explosives. He was followed by Goldschmidt [55], Escales [56], von Dahmen [57] and Roth [58], In later years Kast [59] investigated military explosives which contained aluminium. 

Magnesium and zinc are readily oxidized, and are liable to undergo oxidation during the storage of mixtures containing them, hence they have not been utilized for military purposes. Apart from this, magnesium is a valuable component of various pyrotechnic mixtures such as those used in signals or for illumination, for which it is hard to find a substitute. With the exception of calcium silicide the silicon alloys burn with more difficulty and are less efficient. For this reason aluminium and calcium silicides are the most widely used. 

In addition to aluminium, calcium silicide or ferro-silicon, the use of silicon was also recommended. The comparative figures illustrating the effect of the addition of these compounds on the strength of the explosive have been given by Sar-torius [70] (Table 59). The power is expressed in terms of expansion in the lead block (taking picric acid as 100). 

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