Alkalis reaction with acids

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES flammable solid volatile ignites at about 30 C in moist air forms tri- or pentahalides on direct combination with the halogens combines with sulfur to form sulfides reacts with several metals to form phosphides treatment with nitric acid yields orthophosphoric acid reaction with alkali hydroxides leads to the formation of phosphine and sodium hypophosphite FP (spontaneously flammable in air) LFLAJFL (NA) AT (30 C, 86°F). 

Incompatibilities and Reactivities (Sodium-potassium alloy + bromoform), alkalis, metals, water [Note Hydrolysis produces dichloroacetic acid. Reaction with alkalis metals produces spontaneously explosive ohioroacetylenes.] ... 

If this reaction takes place in air, the evolved nitrogen monoxide is oxidised to the dioxide and this dissolves again as in equation (9.1) hence virtually complete conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid can occur (see nitric acid, below). With alkalis, a mixture of nitrite and nitrate is formed ... 

Reactions with alkali feldspars do not provide divalent cations for the precipitation of carbonate minerals and initially were thought to be of little significance for mineral trapping (Gunter et al. 1997). However, more recent work indicates that dissolution of alkali feldspars contributes to the fixing of C02 as the sodium alumino-carbonate mineral dawsonite, NaAlC03(0H)2 (Johnson et al. 2001). In this case, the Na necessary for dawsonite precipitation is available in abundance in the brine, but dissolution of alkali feldspar provides a source of aluminum and neutralizes the acidic C02 according to (Johnson et al. 2001) ... 

What place do the chromium subgroup elements occupy in the electrochemical series of the metals How do they react with acids and with alkalies Write the equations of the relevant reactions. 

The primary and secondary alcohol functionalities have different reactivities, as exemplified by the slower reaction rate for secondary hydroxyls in the formation of esters from acids and alcohols (8). 1,2-Propylene glycol undeigoes most of the typical alcohol reactions, such as reaction with a free acid, acyl halide, or acid anhydride to form an ester reaction with alkali metal hydroxide to form metal salts and reaction with aldehydes or ketones to form acetals and ketals (9,10). The most important commercial application of propylene glycol is in the manufacture of polyesters by reaction with a dibasic or polybasic acid. 

Ethanedial undergoes an internal Cannizzaro reaction with alkali to give hydroxyethanoic (glycolic) acid ... 

Fluorenyl Carbanions. Salts of fiuorene (pAa = 22.6) (6) are more hindered and less reactive than many other organometallic initiators. These carbanions can be readily formed by reaction with alkali metal derivatives as shown in equation 19 for 9-methylfiuorene (99). Carbanion salts of 9-methylfiuorene are preferable to fiuorene, since the latter generate chain ends which retain reactive, acidic fluorenyl hydrogens which can participate in chain-transfer reactions (100,101). Fluorenyl salts are useful initiators for the polymerization of alkyl methacrylates, epoxide, and thiirane monomers. 

Iron halides react with halide salts to afford anionic halide complexes. Because iron(III) is a hard acid, the complexes that it forms are most stable with F and decrease in both coordination number and stability with heavier halides. No stable I complexes are known. [FeF5(H20)]2 is the predominant iron fluoride species in aqueous solution. The [FeF6]3 ion can be prepared in fused salts. Whereas six-coordinate [FeClJ3 is known, four-coordinate complexes are favored for chloride. Salts of tetrahedral [FeClJ can be isolated if large cations such as tetraphenylarsonium or tetraalkylammonium are used. [FeBrJ is known but is thermally unstable and disproportionates to iron(II) and bromine. Complex anions of iron(II) halides are less common. [FeClJ2 has been obtained from FeCl2 by reaction with alkali metal chlorides in the melt or with tetraethylammonium chloride in deoxygenated ethanol. 

Reactions with alkalis. sym-Tnmtrobenzene like other polynitro-compounds. exhibits high resistance to acids, while it reacts readily with alkalis. 

Acylisoxazoles yield furazans on heating with alkaline hydroxylamine, presumably by oximation and subsequent rearrangement. Likewise 3-benzohydroximino-4-benzoyl-5-phenylisoxazole when treated with 20% potassium hydroxide is reported to give 3-dibenzoylmethyl-4-phenylfurazan, which was subsequently converted to the 3-phenacyl-4-phenyl derivative on further reaction with alkali or acid. 

The manufacture of fatty acids from triglycerides via their reaction with alkali followed by acidification is not used commercially. However, the recovery of fatty acids from alkali refining of fats/oils (to produce acid soaps) and soap reboiling operations (the recovery of fatty acids from the acidification of soap waste streams) are practiced still in special situations, for example, in edible oils refining where soap-stock that is generated from chemical (alkali) refining requires acidulation to produce acid oils with commercial value. 

Alchornine (73) and alchornidine (74a or 74b) have been isolated by Hart et al. (126) from the bark and leaves of Alchornea javanensis (Bl.) Muell.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), a small tree of the New Guinea rain forest. From spectroscopic data and chemical evidence, the major alkaloid alchornine was shown to have the hexahydroimidazo[l,2-a]pyrimidine structure 73. Hydrolysis of a minor alkaloid, alchornidine, with ethanolic potassium hydroxide gave alchornine and 2,2-dimethylacrylic acid. But alchornidine is not simply an A-acyl derivative of alchornine, because mild hydrolysis with dilute acetic acid gives an isomer of 73. This isoalchornine can be shown to be 75, and it is readily converted to alchornine by reaction with alkali. This... 

Once the composition of middle salts was elucidated, the next step in analytic reasoning pointed to the composition of acids. Homberg had been working on an exact, quantitative determination of acids in their reactions with alkalis since 1695. Now he offered a principalist conjecture that acids might be composed of a common pure acid and a variety of sulphurous matters which differentiated them as well as conferring activity on them. Depending on the kind of sulphurous matters they contained, therefore, acids could be divided into three classes. The... 

Other experimental reproductive effects. A skin and severe eye irritant. A narcotic. Human mutation data reported. A common air contaminant. Highly flammable liquid. NCxmres of 30-60% of the vapor in air ignite above 100°. It can react violently with acid anhydrides, alcohols, ketones, phenols, NH3, HCN, H2S, halogens, P, isocyanates, strong alkalies, and amines. Reactions with cobalt chloride, mercury(II) chlorate, or mercury(II) perchlorate form violendy in the presence of traces of metals or acids. Reaction with oxygen may lead to detonation. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. 

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