Clays acid treatment

Removal of carbonaceous impurities and sludge from lubricating and industrial oils generally have been achieved by acid-clay treatment. During acid-clay treatment, a substantial amount of the diaromatics and polyaromatics-polar materials are lost. The higher molecular weight aromatics are generally associated... 

Acid/clay Treatment. This was the original commercial process for reclamation of lubricant. The acid/clay process, such as the Meinken process, has the disadvantages that it generates large amounts of hazardous waste and cannot effectively remove the high concentrations of additives used in modern engine lubricant formulations. It is now superseded by other, newer, technologies. 

Further finishing treatment of the separated base oil may be required but the initial process has been developed to give improved separation. Low-severity acid/clay treatment, clay treatment alone or hydrofinishing may be required. 

Alkyl aryl ketones can be converted to arylacetic acid derivatives in an entirely different manner. The reaction consists of treatment of the substrate with silver nitrate and I2 or Br2, ° or with thallium nitrate, MeOH, and trimethyl orthoformate adsorbed on Montmorillonite K-10 clay, an acidic clay. ... 

The formation of colored materials from leuco bases such as 4 and 5 is accomplished by treatment with acids such as acid clay, bisphenol A, acetic acid, or silica gel.39 For leuco base 4 the leaving group is hydroxy, alkoxy, or cyanide, or a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. 

In the HTFT oil refinery the light oil and <345°C fraction of the decanted oil (obtained by passing the decanted oil through a vacuum flash drum) were clay treated. Clay treatment is similar to Bauxite treatment and is used to increase the octane number of the naphtha by acidic isomerization and to reduce the oxygenate content of the oil. Processing the LTFT and HTFT in separate (and different)... 

Reactions were carried out in the liquid phase using 100 % HNOj from MERCK. Acidic clays (Slid CHEMIE - Munich FRG) and dessicants (PROLABO) were of commercial grade and used without further purifications, besides thermal treatments if needed. All compounds were analysed by gaz chromatography and their structures confirmed by mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. 

Russo P, Cammarano S, Bilotti E, Peijs T, Cerruti P, Aciemo D (2014) Physical properties of poly lactic acid/clay nanocomposite films effect of filler content and annealing treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 131. doi 10.1002/app.39798... 

As mentioned in the previous sections, surfactants are included in acid formulations to perform specific tasks. In acid stimulation treatments, surfactants encounter various chemical species. First, the surfactant is mixed with the acid and its additives. Some of these additives are cationic, e.g., corrosion inhibitors and clay stabilizers. Others are anionic or nonionic species. Second, the acid reacts with the formation and releases several cations. Hydrochloric acid reacts with carbonate minerals and, as a result, the spent acid contains calcium, magnesium and iron. Hydrofluoric-based acids react with clay minerals and release silicon and aluminum in addition to those dissolved by hydrochloric acid. The presence of these chemicals together with surfactants can cause phase separation of the surfactants. As a result, surfactants will not perform their task as anticipated. 

There is the method of blowing a mixture of the calcium hydroxide and the heavy metal elution control material into an exhaust gas flue from the incinerator as a disposal method of fly ash from municipal waste incinerator. Here, elution control material is called immobilizer or treatment agent. As heavy metal elution control material, the low crystallinity aluminum hydroxide, activated clay, Japanese acid clay, zeolite etc. are known [1], However, there is no paper which compared the performance of various kinds of heavy metal elution control material using actual municipal waste incineration fly ash. Then, the performance comparison examination of various heavy metal elution control material was done using real incineration fly ashes. 

In the removal of gum from cracked gasolines, sulfuric acid treatment and vapor phase clay treatment were once widely used, but gum inhibitors are now used alji ost exclusively. Only when acid is useful in several ways, as in desul/urii.i,iion plus gum removal plus the gaining of stability, is acid-treating usefyi. Vapor phase and acid processes have been almost totally replaced by fcait ycie desulfurization. 

The manufacture of low-cold-test lubricating oils is accomplished by vacuum distillation in the presence of a smidl amount of caustic soda, or soda ash, acid treatment and soda ash neutralization of each of the several lube fractions, and percolation clay treatment. The most viscous oils must be diluted with naphtha, or the lightest lube fraction,before treating. Acid ranges from 10 lb per bbl for the lightest oils to 40 lb for the heaviest (150 to 200 viscosity at 210 F), and the soda ash for neutralization ranges from 1 to 3 lb per bbl. ... 

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