Stimulation treatment acidizing

From a therapeutic point of view, selective agonists may become useful in the treatment of heart failure and catecholamine-insensitive cardiomyopathy, but only if compounds become available that do not stimulate gastric acid secretion or cause other unforeseen problems. 

Palytoxin s properties of stimulating arachidonic acid metabolism were decreased > 90% after exposure to 0.1 N HCl for 60 min at 37 C and decreased about 75% after exposure to 0.01 N HCl for 60 min at 50 C, but these biologic properties were stable to boiling in H2O for 60 min. Palytoxin s serologic activities were stable to these treatments. 

The stimulation treatments were performed using retarded hydrofluoric acid. A typical retarded hydrofluoric acid treatment consisted of ... 

Some drugs, such as the two-substituted thiodiazole and acetazolamide (Diamox), increase serum uric acid by stimulating uric acid synthesis (K9). Others, such as chlorothiazide (Diuril), increase uric acid retention by decreasing uric acid excretion (K9). Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits tubular secretion and has been shown to increase pretreatment mean uric acid values from 6.5 mg/100 ml to 10.3 mg/100 ml by the third treatment day. In a patient with gout, the level increased from 8 mg/100 ml to 12 mg/100 ml (H6). In a single case a paradoxical hypouricemia occurred (H6). 

Cimetidine revolutionized the treatment of PUD. It effectively inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans and animals. It heals the majority of duodenal ulcers, reduces frequency of reulceration, and is very useful in the treatment of ZE syndrome, wherein pancreatic tumors secrete excess gastrin that in turn stimulates copious quantities of gastric HC1 secretion. 

Foamed Matrix Acidizing. Matrix addizing is a stimulation treatment used to remove damage near the wellbore without deating a fracture. The process involves the injection of a reactive fluid into the porous medium at a pressure below the fracturing pressure. The fluid dissolves some of the porous medium and consequently increases its permeability. 

Cimetidine 11 is used in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers. It reduces gastric acid secretion by blocking the histamine receptor which stimulates gastric acid secretion (H2 receptor), but does not affect the H receptor. 

Gdansk , R. and Behenna, R., Design considerations for foam diversion of acid stimulation treatments, in Proceedings, Field Application of Foams for Oil Production Symposium, Olsen, D.K. and Sarathi, P.S., Eds., U.S. Dept, of Energy, Bartlesville, OK, 1993, Paper FS7, pp. 163-172. 

As mentioned in the previous sections, surfactants are included in acid formulations to perform specific tasks. In acid stimulation treatments, surfactants encounter various chemical species. First, the surfactant is mixed with the acid and its additives. Some of these additives are cationic, e.g., corrosion inhibitors and clay stabilizers. Others are anionic or nonionic species. Second, the acid reacts with the formation and releases several cations. Hydrochloric acid reacts with carbonate minerals and, as a result, the spent acid contains calcium, magnesium and iron. Hydrofluoric-based acids react with clay minerals and release silicon and aluminum in addition to those dissolved by hydrochloric acid. The presence of these chemicals together with surfactants can cause phase separation of the surfactants. As a result, surfactants will not perform their task as anticipated. 

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