Phosphorus intake

Schoeninger, M.J. and DeNiro, M.J. 1984 Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48 625-639. Schuette, S. A., Hegsted, M., Zemel, B. and Linkswiler, H.M. 1981 Renal acid, urinary cyclic AMP, and hydroxyproline excretion as affected by level of protein, sulfur amino acids and phosphorus intake. Journal of Nutrition 111 2106-2116. 

The first-line treatment for the management of hyperphosphatemia is dietary phosphorus restriction to 800 to 1000 mg per day in patients with stage 3 CKD or higher who have phosphorus levels at the upper limit of the normal range or elevated iPTH levels.39 Foods high in phosphorus are also high in protein, which can make it difficult to restrict phosphorus intake while maintaining adequate protein intake to avoid... 

Dietary phosphorus also affects calcium metabolism. Polyphosphate decreases calcium absorption in young men while orthophosphate supplement does not (26J. However, in the rat all forms of phosphate decrease calcium absorption about equally (31). However, widely divergent dietary calcium phosphorus ratios do not seem to affect calcium utilization by people as long as there is adequate phosphorus intake (32). In general phosphorus stimulates calcium retention in man (3277... 

Calcium Intake Phosphorus Intake Fecal Calcium Apparent Absorption Of Calcium... 

Increasing the level of phosphorus intake has long been known to exert a hypocalciuretic effect (22,23). Bell et al. (24) suggested that this effect may be secondary to an increase in PTH secretion, but phosphorus supplementation has been reported to decrease urinary calcium even in parathyroidectomized rats (14). Goldsmith and coworkers (25) found phosphate supplements to cause an increase in PTH... 

We have conducted two human metabolic studies (5,6) to compare the effects of increasing phosphorus intake on calcium utilization in healthy young adults maintained at low (ca. 400 mg/day) and high (ca. 1200 mg/day) levels of calcium intake. Increasing dietary phosphorus, as orthophosphate, caused a slight reduction in fecal calcium and a substantial reduction in urinary calcium losses (Table III). 

Diet Phosphorus Intake Fecal Excretion Urinary Excretion Balance... 

One explanation for the adverse effects of excessive phosphorus intakes on bone health of rodents is that of secondary hyperthyroidism (4,j>,6). Under these circumstances, PTH activities and cAMP urinary excretions would be expected to increase and blood serum phosphorus would be expected to increase. This in turn would be expected to result in formation of calcium-phosphorus complexes, decrease in serum ionized calcium, parathyroid stimulation and bone resorption. 

Parameter Protein Source Variation Phosphorus Intake Calcium Intake ... 

High intakes of protein, particularly animal protein coupled with low phosphorus intakes have been credited as resulting in high urinary losses of calcium and poor calcium balances which can be overcome by increasing intakes of either calcium or phosphorus or lowering protein intake in the adult human (9,15,16). In the present study, not only did the animal protein diet result in bones more resistant to breakage than did the plant protein diet, but the animal protein fed animals were seemingly less affected by variations in intake of phosphorus and calcium than were the plant protein fed animals. 

A representative example of the effect of phosphorus given as sodium glycerophosphate is shown on Table I. Increasing the phosphorus Intake from 800 mg to 2000 mg per day during a normal calcium Intake of approximately 850 mg per day resulted in a decrease of the urinary calcium from 301 mg to 179 mg per day, the stool calcium increased slightly and the calcium balance became somewhat more positive. 

Greger, J. L. and Krystofiak, M. 1982. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technol 34, 78-84. 

In the present study the effect of calcium and phosphorus on zinc metabolism was investigated In adult men by determining metabolic balances of zinc during different intakes of calcium and phosphorus. Three Intake levels of calcium, ranging from 200 to 2000 mg/day, and two Intake levels of phosphorus (800 and 2000 mg/day) were used during a constant dietary zinc Intake of 14.5 mg/day. Increasing the calcium Intake from 200 to 2000 mg and Increasing the phosphorus Intake from 800 to 2000 mg/day had no effect on urinary or fecal zinc excretion nor on zinc retention. absorption studies confirmed... 

Table II shows data of the effect of a high phosphorus Intake on the zinc balance. The phosphorus supplements were given to three patients during different calcium Intakes, namely, during a low calcium Intake of 200 mg per day and during higher calcium Intakes of 800 mg and 2000 mg calcium per day. The phosphorus Intake of the subjects studied was approximately 900 mg per day In the control study and was 2000 mg per day during the high phosphorus Intake. In the control study, during a low calcium Intake and a normal phosphorus Intake of 900 mg per day and a dietary zinc Intake of 17 mg per day, the urinary zinc excretion was relatively high, 1.6 mg/day, the fecal zinc excretion was In the expected range and the zinc balance was positive,...

The phosphorus balance data (Table II) show that the urinary phosphorus excretion Increased approximately two- to three-fold In all three high phosphorus studies, while the fecal phosphorus excretion Increased to a considerably lesser extent. The phosphorus balance of all three patients became more positive during the high phosphorus Intake. These studies have shown that Increasing the phosphorus Intake up to 2000 mg/day did not affect the excretions of zinc nor the zinc balance, despite the fact that there were marked changes In phosphorus metabolism, primarily a marked Increase of the urinary phosphorus excretion, while the fecal phosphorus excretion Increased to a lesser extent. 

Studies of the effect of both calcium and phosphorus on the zinc balance which have been carried out In this Research Unit (19. 20) have shown that the zinc balance varies during a normal dietary calcium and phosphorus Intake and ranges from slightly negative to positive values and that the net or apparent absorption of zinc, calculated from zinc balance data, remained unchanged during the addition of the amounts of calcium or phosphorus used In these studies. The zinc balances In the present study have to be considered as maximal balances as the loss of zinc In sweat has not been considered as part of the excretory losses. It has been estimated that the loss of zinc In sweat Is quantitatively as great as the urinary zinc excretion (21). 

Zemel, M. 8., and Lir ksivjler, H. M. (1981). Calcium metabolism in the young adult male as affected by level and form of phosphorus intake and level of calcium intake. /, Nufr, HI, 31S-.324,... 

The average daily dietary intake of phosphorus in the developed world is approximately 1,000 mg, which exceeds the 700 mg adequate daily intake level for adults estabhshed by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (www.10M.edu). The same group defines the tolerable upper intake level for phosphorus as 4 g for most adults, but 3 g for adults over the age of 70. Phosphorus intake varies with the composition of the diet, and foods that are rich in phosphate include eggs, milk products, meat, and fish. 

Antacids with aluminum in them block phosphorus intake, as will an excess of iron. Lack of vitamin D or a high blood level of calcium will block phosphorus assimilation. The hormone calcitonin causes rapid loss of phosphorus, and sugar upsets the calcium-phosphorus balance. Alcohol also interferes with phos-... 

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