Meat diet

In contrast to the Bantu, consumption of high-meat diets by the North American Eskimos has been accompanied by severe osteoporosis. Mazess and Mather ( 0 measured bone densities of both male and female Eskimos of all ages. As early as the fourth decade of life, Eskimo women had bones with less than 857> of the density of age, and sex-matched white women living in the United States. Markedly larger differences of bone occurred in later decades this was true of Eskimos of both sexes. The Eskimo diet, very high in protein, is abundantly supplied with fish, reindeer, moose, caribou, and other meats. 

Figure 1. Effect of soy bean and meat diets on average urinary total titratable acidity (TTA) and calcium. Upper two curves represent TTA lower two curves, urinary calcium. Bars indicate...

When subjects ate the meat diet, mean calcium losses in the urine increased significantly in all subjects (P<0.02). In the soy period, the daily urinary calcium loss averaged from 1 to 7.5 mEq with an average of 4.23, but in the meat period, the daily loss ranged from 2 to 10.5 mEq with an average of 5.07. 

During the meat diet period, calcium excretion of six of the nine subjects reached a maximum by day 2. Yet in three subjects calcium excretion continued to increase till day 7. From these data, one may infer that an equilibrium probably had not been established during this seven-day period. 

The meat diet resulted in markedly greater titratable acid and calcium excretion compared with the soy diet (P<0.02). This occurred despite the fact that each diet contained the same amounts of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur. Increased urinary calcium excretion in subjects accompanied this increased output of TTA (P<0.02) ... 

The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet that these S.D.A. women follow would produce a slightly alkaline urine compared with the acidic urine associated with the consumption of. a meat diet. 

Table II. Effect of a High Protein (Meat) Diet on the Calcium Balance...

Fontana, R.J., Lown, K.S., Paine, M.F., Fortlage, L., Santella, R.M., Felton, J.S., Knize, M.G., Greenberg, A., and Watkins, P.B. (1999) Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYPIA, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology 117 89-98. 

There is a much room for economy in the use of water in food production. For instance, to produce 10 g of protein in the form of beef requires five times as much water than for 10 g of rice, and for 500 Calories this difference is 20-fold. With a lavish meat diet, the average American requires 5.4L/day, whereas for a vegetarian this amount is halved. 

Shift to meat diet demand growth for feed crops... 

Fontana RJ, Lown KS, Paine MF, et al. Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology 1999 117(1) 89 98. 

In aquatic animals, ammonia diffuses out of the body through the skin, but land animals excrete excess ammonia either as urea or uric acid. Ammonia is excreted by humans on high meat diets as a strategy to conserve Na+ and K +. Excess PO4- and SO4- produced from phosphoproteins and S-containing amino acids are excreted as ammonium salts Na+ and K+ are exchanged for NH in the kidney. The excretion of urea requires a plentiful supply of water, as it is normally excreted in solution, whereas uric acid is very insoluble and is excreted as a solid by birds and reptiles. Thus, in animals in which weight, or the conservation of water, is important (e.g., birds), excess ammonia is excreted as uric acid. 

Parameter Value when receiving 1 + meat diet - meat diet ... 

The results of the feeding experiment of Kakiuchi and co-workers seem consistent with the picture in humans — mutations in AFC that result in a truncated protein and cancer The results of this rat study an relevant to epidemiological data regarding high-meat diets and colorectal cancer. 

The previous assumptions can be used to calculate maximum theoretical daily intake of levamisole equivalents if a consumer ate the standard meat diet containing concentrations of levamisole at the proposed MRLs. The maximum ingested residue of the parent drug and its equivalents is 397pgday, which consists of 14pgday of parent drug and 383pgday of levamisole equivalents. The calculation is shown in Table 1. 

Bingham, S.A., High-meat diets and cancer risk, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 58, 243, 1999. 

Although it s tough to document, Santa Cruz may have invented California s vegetarian cuisine. Cooperatives and natural food stores have existed here for decades. There isn t a single restaurant in the town that can t cater to a non-meat diet (although... 

Given the increased rates of obesity seen post-OLT, dietary counseling on the long-term appropriateness of a low-fat, lean meat diet that is low in sodium and rich in calcium and vitamin D should be provided to these patients. If intake of calcium and vitamin D is inadequate, supplements should be given to assure a total intake of 1,500 mg of elemental calcium and 400 to 800 international units of vitamin D. 

His views and observations were first set forth in Not by Bread Alone, published in 1946, and later in an expanded version redded The Fat of the Land. He makes the point that intestinal bacteria or flora that fiourish on a mixed diet earmot srrrvive on an all-meat diet, nor are they needed (Stefansson, 1956, p. 56). The same goes presumably for an all-vegetarian diet, as practiced for example by the Httrrzas of Asia, who evidentiy do not need the particular intestinal flora required for an allmeat diet or a mixed diet. 

The first key is that in the months before birth, thae should be a healthy mother eating healthy foods. The second key is prolonged breast feeding. The third key is to utilize fresh and raw foods with a minimum of processing (Stefansson extends this to include meats for an all-meat diet.)... 

A previous letter by Martin on pages 96-99 of the October 2000 issue of the Townsend Letter for Doctors Patients had connected iron in high-meat diets to cancer and heart disease. The article in The Lancet was cited, and reference was made to Denmark during 1914-1918, when it was necessary to cut down on meat consumption and the cancer rate dropped. The Hopi Indians of the American... 

Returning to the subject of iron in the diet, Wayne Martin s letter in the October 2004 issue of the Townsend Letter for Doctors Patients uses the Atkins Diet as the leadoff item. Martin questions the high-red-meat diet involved, for there is past evidence that a vast increase in deaths from cancer and heart attacks can be expected. Moreover, human teeth can be judged as much more suitable for a vegetarian diet... 

Martin s article also mentions the Pueblo Indians (apparently not the Navajo) who lived close by to the Hopi (either in northern New Mexico or Arizona ) and who had a similar very low cancer incidence until the do-gooders in the government decided to issue food stamps so that these native Americans could enjoy a high meat diet like everyone else, after which the cancer incidence rose to one in four, the same level as the Arizona whites. 

The Hopi for their part refused the offer of a high meat diet and thereby, as late as 1974, had the very low incidence of 1 case of cancer per 1000 population. 

It is further noted that, at the turn of the last century, the diet of the natives of Africa was low in iron, only about 20% of that occurring in today s high-meat diet. 

Ftigh-fat, high-meat diet Low-fiber diet Low calcium Physical inactivity High alcohol intake Obesity... 

Bone mineral density (BMD) level of people living in arctic and subarctic regions is lower than that of Europeans and American Whites this has been linked to high meat diets, as a protein-rich diet may cause calcium loss (Lynnerup and Von Wowem, 1997). The BMD can alter based upon age (Maugeri et ah, 2001). The habitual dietary pattern of a population has major influence on the prevalence and incidence of arteriosclerotic vascular disease (Brown, 1990). The insufficient dietary calcium is associated with a number of common and chronic diseases worldwide including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease (hypertension and stroke), diabetes, obesity, and cancer (Kim and Mendis, 2006). 

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