Acetyl p-aminophenol

To the filtrate obtained, there are then added about 0.2 gram of sodium hydrosulfite or sodium sulfite and 15.0 grams of anhydrous sodium acetate in about 27 grams of acetic anhydride at 40°C. The reaction mixture formed is cooled to 8° to 10°C with stirring and held at this temperature for 60 minutes. A crystalline precipitate of about 27 grams of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol is obtained melting at 169°-171°C. This is equivalent to a yield of 85%. 

Example 1 65 grams of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol were slurried with 400 ml of water and cooled to 10°C. 125 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide were slowly added to the mixture with... 

Example 2 65 grams of sodium N-acetyl-p-aminophenol were slurried with 500 grams of dry benzene and 80 grams of acetyl salicoyl chloride added. The mixture was heated under reflux for four hours and filtered hot. The excess benzene was removed under vacuum and the crude acetyl salicyclic acid ester of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol crystallized from ethanol. 

Various hydroxyl and amino derivatives of aromatic compounds are oxidized by peroxidases in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, yielding neutral or cation free radicals. Thus the phenacetin metabolites p-phenetidine (4-ethoxyaniline) and acetaminophen (TV-acetyl-p-aminophenol) were oxidized by LPO or HRP into the 4-ethoxyaniline cation radical and neutral V-acetyl-4-aminophenoxyl radical, respectively [198,199]. In both cases free radicals were detected by using fast-flow ESR spectroscopy. Catechols, Dopa methyl ester (dihydrox-yphenylalanine methyl ester), and 6-hydroxy-Dopa (trihydroxyphenylalanine) were oxidized by LPO mainly to o-semiquinone free radicals [200]. Another catechol derivative adrenaline (epinephrine) was oxidized into adrenochrome in the reaction catalyzed by HRP [201], This reaction can proceed in the absence of hydrogen peroxide and accompanied by oxygen consumption. It was proposed that the oxidation of adrenaline was mediated by superoxide. HRP and LPO catalyzed the oxidation of Trolox C (an analog of a-tocopherol) into phenoxyl radical [202]. The formation of phenoxyl radicals was monitored by ESR spectroscopy, and the rate constants for the reaction of Compounds II with Trolox C were determined (Table 22.1). 

Acetal formation, microwaves in, 76 557 Acetalization, of PVA, 25 602-603 Acetal polymerization, 74 271 Acetal resins, 70 183-185 Acetal resins, formaldehyde in, 72 122 Acetals, 2 64 70 529 aroma chemicals, 3 253 inorganic pigment applications, 7 372t organic pigment applications, 7 368t typical soluble dye applications, 7 376t Acetaminophen, 4 701. See also AT-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen)... 

Acetylium tetrailuoroborate, 4 144t N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen), acetic anhydride used in production of, 1 158. See also Acetaminophen Acetyl perchlorate, 1 157 Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), 22 17-21 acetic anhydride used in production of, 1 158... 

Acetaminophen (APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) (Tylenol, other generic)... 

Acetaminophen (APAP, N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol) (Tylenol, Other Generic) [OTC] [Analgesic, Antipyretic] Uses Mild-mod pain, HA, fever Action Nonnarcotic analgesic X CNS synth of prostaglandins hypothalamic heat-regulating center Dose Adults. 650 mg PO or PR q4-6h or... 

AMS acute myocardial syndrome ANC absolute neutrophil count ANS autonomic nervous system APACHE Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation ICU illness severity scoring system APAP acetaminophen [N-acetyl-p-aminophenol] aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome... 

Chemical A/-Acetyl-p-aminophenol Generic (Nonproprietary) Acetaminophen Trade/Brand-Name (Proprietary) Tylenol, Panadol, many others... 

Decrease side effects Aspirin and iV-acetyl-p-aminophenol Benorylate30... 

Therapeutic Function Analgesic, Antipyretic Chemical Name N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide Common Name Paracetamol Acetyl-p-aminophenol APAP Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 103-90-2... 

Tylenol CH3CONHC6H4OH N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen, APAP) colourless, slightly bitter crystals can be toxic if an overdose is taken pain reliever (analgesic)... 

SYNS ABENSANIL ACAMOL ACETAGESIC ACETALGIN p-ACETAMIDOPHENOL 4-ACETAMIDOPHENOL ACETAMINOPHEN p-ACETAMINOPHENOL N-ACETYL-p-AMINOPHENOL... 

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) is an analgesic marketed under a variety of brand names including Tylenol , Calpol , and Panadol . Preparation of the API is described in U.S. 2,998,450 (to Warner Lambert). U.S. 4,474,985 (to Monsanto) describes a process for improving product quality and shelf life. U.S. 5,856,575 (to Council of Scientific Industrial Research) describes an alternative process. Estimate the cost of production by each route. 

Relative to the fate in humans of the l pes of compounds just discu.s.sed. Brudie and Axelrod " " point out that acet-anilid and phenacetin are metabolized by two different routes. Acctaniiid is metabolized primarily to Af-acetyl-p-aminophenol and acetaminophen and only a small amount to aniline, which they showed to be the precursor of phenyl-hydroxylamine. the compound re.sponsible for methcmoglobin formation. Phenacetin is mostly dccthylated to acetaminophen. whereas a small amount is convened by dcacctylation top-phenetidinc. also responsible for methemoglobin formation. With both acetanilid and phenacetin. the metabolite acetaminophen is believed to be responsible for the analgesic activity. Because of the toxicity described above, both are no longer available, replaced primarily by acetaminophen. 

Synonyms APAP 4 -Hydroxyacetanilide p-Hy-droxyacetanilide Acetamide N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol N-Acetyl-p-aminophe-nol p-Acetamidophenol 4-Acetamidophenol 4-Acetaminophenol Paracetamol Tylenol Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Acetaminophen is a synthetic nonopioid congener of acetanilide in the p-aminophenol class Chemical Eormula C8H9NO2... 

Phenazopyridine is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized rapidly, producing aniline, 2,3,6-triaminopyridine, p-aminophenol, and N-acetyl-/7-aminophenol. Renal clearance is the major route of elimination. Approximately 90% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine within 24 h, with 41% as phenazopyridine, 24% as p-amino-phenol, 18% as N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, and 6.9% as aniline. The color of the urine changes to orange or red. 

The most widely used analgesic is Paracetamol, or A-acetyl-p-aminophenol (155), also known as acetaminophen (US), and Tylenol (with codeine), and synthesized from nitrobenzene. Care has to be taken with use hepatoxicity can develop with overdoses. 

Chemical Name Identifies the medication s chemical elements and compounds and used by scientists who work at the chemical level of the medication. For example, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. 

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