Explosion acetic acid

The explosive limits for atmospheric and for reactor conditions. For example, for the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, explosive conditions occur outside the operating window. However, for some processes during startup, the reactor passes through the explosive conditions to reach the operating window. 

Acid—Base Chemistry. Acetic acid dissociates in water, pK = 4.76 at 25°C. It is a mild acid which can be used for analysis of bases too weak to detect in water (26). It readily neutralizes the ordinary hydroxides of the alkaU metals and the alkaline earths to form the corresponding acetates. When the cmde material pyroligneous acid is neutralized with limestone or magnesia the commercial acetate of lime or acetate of magnesia is obtained (7). Acetic acid accepts protons only from the strongest acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Other acids exhibit very powerful, superacid properties in acetic acid solutions and are thus useful catalysts for esterifications of olefins and alcohols (27). Nitrations conducted in acetic acid solvent are effected because of the formation of the nitronium ion, NO Hexamethylenetetramine [100-97-0] may be nitrated in acetic acid solvent to yield the explosive cycl o trim ethyl en etrin itram in e [121 -82-4] also known as cyclonit or RDX. 

Cyclic Peroxides. CycHc diperoxides (4) and triperoxides (5) are soHds and the low molecular weight compounds are shock-sensitive and explosive (151). The melting points of some characteristic compounds of this type are given in Table 5. They can be reduced to carbonyl compounds and alcohols with zinc and alkaH, zinc and acetic acid, aluminum amalgam, Grignard reagents, and warm acidified iodides (44,122). They are more difficult to analyze by titration with acidified iodides than the acycHc peroxides and have been sucessfuUy analyzed by gas chromatography (112). 

Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)methane when treated with NaAc in acetic acid produced (580) as a thermostable explosive (80MIP41600). The conversion of o-nitrotoluene into 2,1-benzisoxazole was effected by mercury(II) oxide catalysis. A mercury containing intermediate was isolated and was demonstrated to be converted into 2,1-benzisoxazole (67AHC(8)277). The treatment of o-nitrotoluene derivative (581) with sulfuric acid gave (582) in 35% yield (72MI41607). 

The nitric acid is added with care to the acetic acid-acetic anhydride solution, keeping the temperature below 20° by means of a bath of ice and salt. An explosive reaction will take place if the nitric acid is added too rapidly. 

Picric acid [88-89-1] M 229.1, m 122-123 , pK 0.33 (0.37). Crystd first from acetic acid then acetone, toluene, CHCI3, aqueous 30% EtOH, 95% EtOH, MeOH or H2O. Dried in a vacuum oven at 80° for 2h. Alternatively, dried over Mg(C104)2 or fused and allowed to freeze under vacuum three times. Because it is EXPLOSIVE, picric acid should be stored moistened with H2O, and only small portions should be dried at any one time. The dried acid should NOT be heated. 

November 14, 1987, three people were killed when two explosions and a tire caused extensive damage to the Hoechst Celanese acetic acid and acetic anhydride plant located near Pampa, ( X. Also on the Pampa site was a specialty resins plant operated by Interez, a unit ol RTZ ( orp. vhieh was interrupted because it depends on power supplied from the main Hoechsi Celanese I pc rati on. 

The cause of the explosion, which also left four people seriously injured and 31 others with minor injuries, is unknown. A Hoechst Celanese spokesman says that the first blast occurred near a gas-fired boiler and the second blast at a nearby reactor in which butane is reacted with steam to produce acetic acid. The 35-year-old plant employs 600 persons, 150 as contract maintenance and construction workers, but the blasts on Saturday only involved a weekend crew of 60. 

Important applications for titanium have been developed in processes involving acetic acid, malic acid, amines, urea, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate, and ethylene dichloride. Some of these represent large scale use of the material in the form of pipework, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and vessels of solid, loose lined, or explosion clad construction. In many of these the requirement for titanium is because of corrosion problems arising from the organic chemicals in the process, the use of seawater or polluted cooling waters, or from complex aggressive catalysts in the reaction. 

Low -molecular-weight ozonides are explosive and are theretore not isolated. Instead, the ozonide is immediately treated with a reducing agent such as zinc metal in acetic acid to convert it to carbonyl compounds. The net result of the ozonolysis/reduction sequence is that the C=C bond is cleaved and oxygen becomes doubly bonded to each of the original alkene carbons. If an alkene with a letrasubstituted double bond is ozonized, two ketone fragments result if an alkene with a trisubstituted double bond is ozonized, one ketone and one aldehyde result and so on. 

Was prepd by Wieland and Hess (Ref 2) by acidifying its K salt with mineral or acetic acids, but it proved to be very unstable. It is si sol in warm ale, from which it can be crystd K salt KCH02N2 indigo-blue needles from aq ale mp, decomps explosively ca 194° with a loud report. Was prepd (Ref 2) by adding ale K hydroxide to a mixt of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and formamidoxime (Ref 1) in methanol at 50—60°. Sol in w, si sol in ale. Explds on heating or impact... 

Cydopantene-oxo-ozonidas. A monomer, C5Ha03, was prepd (Ref 2) by the ozonization of cyclo pentene dissolved in CC14. It is a yel, volatile liq with a penetrating odor sol in chlf, ethyl acetate and acetic acid is decompd explosively by coned sulfuric acid explds on heating... 

Acetic acid (glacial) (Ethanoic acid) CH3COOH 40 426 1.05 2.07 118 Clear, colourless water-soluble mobile liquid Strong vinegar odour Lower explosive limit 4% Glacial acetic is a concentration of acetic acid >99% Expands on freezing into an icelike solid at 16.6°C can break containers... 

Synonym(s) Lead metal plumbum olow (Polish) pigment metal Lead(2+) acetic acid plumbous acetate Initiating explosive (lead azide, dextrinated type only) Lead (II) bromide d... 

Contact with the following materials, containing combined hydrogen, is likely to cause fire or explosion acetic acid, ammonia, benzene, ethanol, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane cork, grease, paper, wax, etc. The carbon content further contributes to the observed reactivity [1]. Chloromethane reacts with explosive violence [2]. See Acetonitrile, above... 

Though explosive, it (and its ammonium salt) are much less sensitive to impact or friction than its sodium or potassium salts [1], A small sample of the latter exploded violently during vacuum filtration. The parent compound explodes spontaneously even in acetone (but not in ethanol or aqueous) solution if traces of acetic acid are... 

Dining an attempt to prepare an anhydrous 25% solution of peroxyacetic acid in acetic acid by dehydrating a water-containing solution with acetic anhydride, a violent explosion occurred. Mistakes in the operational procedure allowed heated evaporation to begin before the anhydride had been hydrolysed. Acetyl peroxide could have been formed from the anhydride and peroxyacid, and the latter may have detonated and/or catalysed violent hydrolysis of the anhydride [1], A technique for preparing the anhydrous acid in dichloromethane without acetyl peroxide formation has been described [2],... 

During the attempted preparation of 3-/i-chlorophcnylbutanoic acid by addition of the ketone (2 g mol) to peracetic acid (50%) in acetic acid at 65-70°C, a serious explosion occurred. 

Following a published procedure [1], octene was treated with a solution of perox-yacetic acid in acetic acid for 8 h to form the epoxide, but the reaction mixture was then allowed to stand uncooled overnight. Next morning, when a 3pl sample was injected into a heated GLC injection port, the syringe shattered. This was attributed to formation of diacetyl peroxide during the overnight standing, and its subsequent explosion in the heated port [2],... 

A literature procedure whereby bromopyrimidine is oxidised by excess peroxy-acetic acid in acetone, with sulfuric acid catalysis, was being scaled up. The crude product from the fourth batch at two molar scale was filtered out and allowed to dry to dry in the sintered glass funnel over the weekend. An explosion occurred when it was scraped out to complete purification on the Monday. This was considered due to acetone peroxides, which had probably concentrated locally by wicking or sublimation. 

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