Acetal terpolymer

Vinyl chloride/ethylene/vinyl acetate terpolymer... 

A vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl acetate terpolymer system gives products with superior impact strength suitable for an outdoor environment. The modifier component is a 45% vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with PVC grafted on it. EVA modification depends on a network structure. 

Comparing the phase diagrams of AC 540 modified DGEBA epoxy resin and hardener HHPA showed that the oxidized homopolymer with an acid functionality of 2.0 (AC 5120) was more miscible in epoxy resin and the RVP grafted AC 5120 had comparable miscibility as that of AC 5120. Similarly, ethylene acrylic acid-vinyl acetate terpolymer (AC 1450) was less miscible in epoxy resin compared to AC 5120 due to less chemical interaction with epoxy resin. Thus, the miscibility of the blends was reduced by the addition of HHPA to various blend systems. 

The smaller the plasticizer molecules, the better the plasticizing effect. However, these short-chain plasticizers do tend to be rather volatile due to their high vapor pressure levels (plasticizer migration). The main advantage of the oligo-meric/polymeric plasticizers is their reduced tendency to exudate. Polyesters, nitrile-butadiene elastomers and, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate terpolymers (EVA) with molar masses of up to 150,000 g mol are seeing increasing use as polymeric plasticizers. 

EARLY SPECIALTY ACETAL PRODUCTS Acetal Terpolymer... 

Styrene-MA-vlnyl acetate terpolymers have been prepared and briefly examined as adhesive layers for polyester supports.When compounded with other additives, materials of this type are useful adhesives in the subbing layer of photographic films. 

Vinyl acetate terpolymers prepared with lauryl fumarate are claimed useful as ashless detergency additives, viscosity index improvers, dispersants, etc., for lubricating and additives to improve jet fuel... 

Organic peroxides are used in the polymer industry as thermal sources of free radicals. They are used primarily to initiate the polymerisation and copolymerisation of vinyl and diene monomers, eg, ethylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, acryUc acid and esters, methacrylic acid and esters, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and butadiene (see Initiators). They ate also used to cute or cross-link resins, eg, unsaturated polyester—styrene blends, thermoplastics such as polyethylene, elastomers such as ethylene—propylene copolymers and terpolymers and ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymer, and mbbets such as siUcone mbbet and styrene-butadiene mbbet. 

Commercial poly(vinyl acetal)s are terpolymers with varying amounts of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol units remaining on the backbone after acetaH2ation. The class can be represented by the foUowing stmcture, showing acetal (1), vinyl alcohol (2), and vinyl acetate (3) units. 

Poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymers adhere well to porous or ceUulosic surfaces, eg, wood, paper, cloth, leather (qv), and ceramics (qv). Homopolymer films tend to creep less than copolymer or terpolymer films. They are especially suitable in adhesives for high speed packaging operations. 

Special vinyl acetate copolymer paints have been developed with gready improved resistance to blistering or peeling when immersed in water. This property allows better cleaning and use in very humid environments. These lattices exhibit the water resistance of higher priced acryUc resins (150). VAc, vinyl chloride—ethylene terpolymers have been developed which provide the exterior resistance properties of vinyl chloride with the dexibiUty of the ethylene for exterior paint vehicles (151). 

Terpolymers have been made with vinyl chloride—vinyUdene chloride (21) and vinyl acetate—vinyl alcohol (22). 

In the case of EVOH being used as an interlayer with polyethylene or polystyrene, it is necessary to use additional adhesive layers such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride terpolymer (e.g. Orevac— Atochem). 

Terpenoid pheromones, 24 473 Terpenoid skeletons, 24 469 biosynthesis of, 24 471 Terpin hydrate, 3 231 a-Terpineol, 24 477, 509-512, 3 231 hydrogenation of, 24 512 a-Terpinyl acetate, 24 512 a-Terpinyl chlorides, 24 479 a-Terpinyl esters, 3 231 y-Terpinene, 3 230 Terpinolene, 24 493 Terpolymers... 

ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer CA Cellulose acetate... 

Several high-performance or engineering polymers, such as the polyfluo-rocarbons, acetals, ABS, nylons, polyurethanes (PUs), silicones, and phos-phazenes, have been described in previous chapters. Several elastomers, such as butyl rubber, EPDM (elastomeric terpolymer from ethylene, propylene, and a nonconjugated diene), and Neoprene, which play a vital role in engineering, and a host of classic thermosets should also be considered high-performance polymers. The properties of other high-performance polymers are described in this chapter. 

Table 1 shows an example of the partial operating instructions and log for the preparation of a terpolymer of vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate, and vinyl neodecanoate. The details of these instructions will, of course, have to be individualized for specific situations. 

Hoffman et al. [46, 47] found that an LCST polymer remains strongly bound to a substrate, especially to cellulose acetate (CA), at a temperature above its LCST, whereas most of the adsorbed polymer molecules are easily rinsed off below the LCST. For instance, they synthesized a room-temperature-precipit-able terpolymer (LCST = 7-13 °C), consisting of IPAAm, A-butylacrylamide (BAAm) and N-acryloxy succinimide (NASI), which was conjugated to a murine monoclonal antibody. They developed the membrane-affinity concentration immunoassay [48]. 

Originality While terpolymer-positive resists containing acetal components are... 

However, a method to improve the flow properties of such fuel oils of animal or vegetable origin, has been developed (26). This consists in adding a EVA copolymer or a comb polymer based on methyl acrylate and a-olefins. In addition, terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and isobutylene have been found to be useful as cold flow improvers (29). 

M.G. Botros, Ethylene vinyl acetate and isobutylene terpolymer as a cold flow improver for distillate fuel compositions, US Patent 5 681359, assigned to Quantum Chemical Corporation (Cincinnati, OH), October 28,1997. 

Copolymers of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate and terpolymers of acrylonitrile, styrene, and methyl methacrylate are used as bamer polymers. Acrylonitrile copolymers and multipolymers containing butyl acrylate, ethyl aciylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methaciylate. vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, and vinylidene chlonde are also used in bamer films, laminates, and coatings. Environmentally degradable polymers useful in packaging are prepared from polymerization of acrylonitrile with styrene and methyl vinyl ketone. 

The first free radical initiated copolymerization was described by Brubakerl) in a patent. A variety of peroxides and hydroperoxides, as well as, 02, were used as initiators. Olefins that were copolymerized with CO included ethylene, propylene, butadiene, CH2=CHX (X—Cl, OAc, CN) and tetrafluoroethylene. A similar procedure was also used to form terpolymers which incorporated CO, C2H4 and a second olefin such as propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, tetrafluoroethylene and diethyl maleate. In a subsequent paper, Brubaker 2), Coffman and Hoehn described in detail their procedure for the free radical initiated copolymerization of CO and C2H4. Di(tert-butyl)peroxide was the typical initiator. Combined gas pressures of up to 103 MPa (= 15,000 psi) and reaction temperatures of 120—165 °C were employed. Copolymers of molecular weight up to 8000 were obtained. The percentage of CO present in the C2H4—CO copolymer was dependent on several factors which included reaction temperature, pressure and composition of reaction mixture. Close to 50 mol % incorporation of CO in the copolymer may be achieved by using a monomer mixture that is >70 mol% CO. Other related procedures for the free radical... 

Terpolymers made from two different olefins and CO are known. They were first described in Brubaker s initial patent and involved the free radical initiated terpolymerization of CO and C2H with another olefin such as propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, diethyl maleate or tetrafluoroethylene More recently, in another patent, Hammer has described the free radical initiated terpolymerization of CO and C2H with vinyl esters, vinyl ethers or methyl methacrylate 26Reaction temperatures of 180-200 °C and a combined pressure of 186 MPa were employed. Typically a CO QH4 olefin molar ratio of 10 65 25 was observed in the terpolymers. In other patents, Hammer 27,28) has described the formation of copolymers with pendant epoxy groups by the free radical initiated polymerization of CO, QH4, vinyl acetate and glycidyl methacrylate. Reaction conditions similar to those stated above were employed, and a typical CO C2H vinyl acetate glycidyl methacrylate molar ratio of 10 65 20 5 was observed in the product polymer. 

Poly(butyral-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) - A terpolymer with greater water resistance than polyvinyl acetate, but good adhesion to tissue when applied in ethanol solution. 

At room temperature, PE is a semi-crystalline plastomer (a plastic which on stretching shows elongation like an elastomer), but on heating crystallites melt and the polymer passes through an elastomeric phase. Similarly, by hindering the crystallisation of PE (that is, by incorporating new chain elements), amorphous curable rubbery materials like ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), and chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM) can be prepared. 

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