ACF

Time is taken into account by discounting the annual cash flow Acf with the rate of interest to obtain the anitual discounted cash flow -Adcf- Thus, at the end of year 1,... 

Poliak E 1993 Variational transition state theory for dissipative systems Acf/Vafed Barrier Crossinged G Fleming and P Hanggi (New Jersey World Scientific) p 5... 

However, one of the most successfiil approaches to systematically encoding substructures for NMR spectrum prediction was introduced quite some time ago by Bremser [9]. He used the so-called HOSE (Hierarchical Organization of Spherical Environments) code to describe structures. As mentioned above, the chemical shift value of a carbon atom is basically influenced by the chemical environment of the atom. The HOSE code describes the environment of an atom in several virtual spheres - see Figure 10.2-1. It uses spherical layers (or levels) around the atom to define the chemical environment. The first layer is defined by all the atoms that are one bond away from the central atom, the second layer includes the atoms within the two-bond distance, and so on. This idea can be described as an atom center fragment (ACF) concept, which has been addressed by several other authors in different approaches [19-21]. 

Dioxygea difluoride has fouad some appHcatioa ia the coaversioa of uranium oxides to UF (66), ia fluoriaatioa of actinide fluorides and oxyfluorides to AcF (67), and in the recovery of actinides from nuclear wastes (68) (see Actinides and transactinides Nuclear reaction, waste managel nt). 

FIG. 9-1 Relationship between annual costs, annual profits, and cash flows for a project. A d — annual depreciation allowance Acf — annual net cash flow after tax Ac/ = annual cash income Age = annual general expense Aqp = annual gross profit A/r = annual tax A e = annual manufacturing cost Avc/ = annual net cash income Avvp = annual net profit after taxes A/ p = annual net profit As = annual sales Apc = annual total cost (DCFRR) = discoiinted-cash-flow rate of return (NPV) = net present value. 

Time is taken into account by using the annual discounted cash flow Adcf, which is related to the annual cash flow Acf and the discount factor by... 

Atc = total annual capital expenditure. Acf Aci — Aij — Atc net annual cash flow. f = discount factor at 10%. 

Maximum discounted cumulative expenditure on the project Cumulative net annual cash flow X Acf... 

Let us consider the net annual cash flows (after tax) Acf foi projects E, F, and G, hsted in Table 9-6. The cumulative annual cash flows X Acf 3.nd cumulative discounted annual cash flows X dcf, using a discount of 10 percent for these projec ts, are also hsted in Table 9-6. We notice that the cumulative annual cash flow for each project is -i- 1000. 

Both projects have lives of 10 years and constant positive net annual cash flows Acf of 2069 and 1558 for projec ts J and K respec tively. The corresponding (NPV)s at a discount factor of 10 percent are + 2710 and + 2560 respectively. These data are summarized as follows ... 

Relationship between (PBP) and (DCFRR) For the case of a single lump-sum capital expenditure Cpc which generates a constant annual cash flow Acf in each subsequent year, the payback period is given by the equation... 

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