A Raman spectra

Fig. 10. (a) Raman spectra (T = 300 K) of arc-derived carbons from a dc arc cobalt was absent (dotted line) and cobalt was present (solid line) in the carbon anode, (b) the difference spectrum calculated from (a), emphasbjng the contribution from Co-catalyzed nanolubes, the inset to (b) depicts a Lorentzian fit to the first-order spectrum (after ref. [27]). 

Triphosphorus anion Pj" (16e) was calculated to be linear [11]. Honea et al. [12] prepared and isolated Si (16e) by low-energy deposition into a solid nitrogen matrix, and carried out a Raman spectra study to show that Si is a planar rhombus The Al " tetraanion (16e) stabilized by the three LP ions in the most stable structure of LijAl " is rectangular in a capped octahedral arrangement [13],... 

Figure 14 (a) Raman spectra of the individual layers 1, LLDPE-MAH 2, COPA 3, EVA (abscissa wavenumber (cm ), ordinate intensity in arbitrary units), (b) Raman line scan of polymer laminate using three different Raman bands (abscissa position in pm, ordinate intensity in arbitrary units). 

Fig. 3. a Raman spectra (preprocessed) this peak predominantly shows formation of product, b Spectral changes over time shown for the wave number of maximum signal (1608 cm 1)... 

Fig. 6.5 (a) Raman spectra of hybrid films of C60 and graphene (2 1 and 1 1 represent the increase in concentration of C60 with the same weight of graphene), (b) and (c) are the FESEM and TEM images of the hybrid films of graphene with SWNT after time 12 hours after assembly (from [35]). 

FIG U RE 6.23 (a) Raman spectra of cancer cells with and withont drng treatment. The observed difference in relative intensity of Raman lines is mnch larger than a standard variation with the same cell culture, (h) Raman spectra from four different cells from the same culture. 

Gale, R. J., Gilbert, B., and Osteryoung, R. A., Raman spectra of molten aluminum chloride 1-butylpyridinium chloride systems at ambient temperatures, Inorg. Ghem., 17, 2728-2729,1978. 

Fig. 6.15. Multiplex stimulated Raman loss microspectroscopy of 20-pm polystyrene beads dispersed in water. A Raman spectra retrieved from SRL spectra of an individual bead and of bulk water at locations indicated by circles and squares, respectively, in the images. B Reconstructed Raman images of the beads representing the density maps of three characteristic Raman resonances at 1003 cm-1, 2904 cm-1, and 3066 cm-1 of polystyrene (Courtesy of Evelyn Ploetz et al., after [21])...

Figure 9.7 (a) Raman spectra of pure distinct forms (b) Form trajectory tracked in real time with in situ... 

Figure 16.21. (a) Raman spectra recorded with the 633-nm laser line for aqueous solution at pH 5.0 containing (A) FA 5 mg liter-1, (B) POEA + 30mg liter-1 FA, (C) POEA + lOmg liter-1 FA, (D) POEA + 5 mg liter-1 FA, (E) POEA powder doped with HC1 (1 mol liter-1). Reprinted from Venancio et al. (2005). (b) Chemical structure of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) polymer (POEA). 

Figure 3. (a) Raman spectra at T=5 K of samples with different doping levels,... 

Figure 10.15. (a) Raman spectra of six dye-labeled nanoparticle probes after silver enhancement on a chip, (b) Six DNA sandwich assays with corresponding target systems. A10 is an oligonucleotide tether with 10 adenosine units. (With permission from Ref. 40.)... 

Figure 3-4 (a) Raman spectra of the symmetric (vj) and the anti-symmetric (V3) stretching modes in solid H2S at various pressures. The phase transition occurs at about 11 GPa. (b) Pressure dependence of the intramolecular and the lattice vibrational frequencies in solid H2S at 300 K. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 12.)... 

Figure 5-12 (a) Raman spectra, (b) Second-derivative spectra. HDPE, high-density polyethylene LDPE, low-density polyethylene PVC, polyvinyl chloride PP, polypropylene PS, polystyrene PET, polyethylene terephthalate. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 4.)... 

Woodward, L. A. Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds, Quart. Revs., X, 185 (1956). 

A) Raman spectra of M0O3/AI2O3 catalysts with various molybdenum loadings recorded under ambient conditions (hydrated sample), displaying monomolybdates and polymolybdates. (B) Raman spectra of the same catalysts recorded after dehydration at 360 °C showing the presence of monooxo species [Reprinted from Hu, H., Wachs, I.E., and Bare, S.R.,J. Phys. Chem. 99,10897 (1995), copyright (1995)... 

FIGURE 7 (A) Raman spectra of a solution containing molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium asafunction of pH (B) spectra showing the main band of the wet mixed-metal polyoxo paste. Raman spectra of the wet paste obtained from Mo-V-W oxide solutions with a Mo V W ratio 6 2 1 during drying at 100 °C (a), and of the solid after drying at 100 °C (b). 

FIGURE 13 Raman-GC recorded during propene oxidation on bismuth molybdate with simultaneous activity measurement (A) Raman spectra (Reprinted from J. Catal. 132,536 (1991), Snyder T.P., Hill C.G., Stability of bismuth molbydate catalysts at elevated temperatures in air and under reaction conditions, copyright (1991) with permission from Elsevier) (Snyder and Hill, 1991) (B) simultaneous conversion and selectivity (based on Snyder and Hill, 1991). 

FIGURE 20 (A) Raman spectra recorded during ethane oxidative dehydrogenation on... 

Fig. 17. Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in the presence of 6wt.% V/Xi02 characterized by simultaneous EPR/UV-vis-DRS/Raman/online GC (A) Raman spectra, bands of anatase are marked by A, feed consists of 9% CsHg, 9% O2, and balance N2. (B) EPR spectra (a) at 293 K after heating in air at 673 K for 30 min, (b) at 293 K under feed, and (c) at 723 K in the presence of feed.

Figure 25 (a) Raman spectra of solid M3P7 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and (b) temperature-dependent Raman spectra of NasP , indicating the first-order phase transition at Tc from the low-temperature (LT) crystalline a-phase to the high-temperamre (HT) plastically crystalline /3-phase. Note the disappearing of the sharp external lattice modes just above Tc... 

Figure 20 (a) Raman spectra of SWNTs excited at different laser frequencies and (b) Electronic density of states (DOS) calculated with the tight-binding model for the (8,8), (9,9), (10,10) and (11,11) arm chair nanotubes. (Reprinted with permission from A.M. Rao, E. Richter, S. Bandow, B. Chase, P.C. Eklund, K.A. Williams, S. Frang, K.R. Subbaswamy, M. Menon, A. Thess, R.E. Smalley, G. Dresselhaus, and M.S. Dresselhaus, Science, 1997, 275, 187. 1997 AAAS)... 

Fig. 10.9 (a) Raman spectra of benzenethiolate on a SERS substrate as a function of number of photobleachmg pulses, (b) Measured distribution of SERS enhancement factors for benzenethiolate monolayer (Eigure reproduced from Ref [111])... 

Fig. 12.7 (a) Raman spectra and HRTEM images of as-received and vacuum-annealed (graphitized) MWCNTs. As-received nanotubes contain iron particles and amorphous carbon on their surface (inset), (b) Weight loss curves (TGA) of as-received, air-oxidized (0.25 h at 550°C), and graphitized MWCNTs. (c) In situ Raman spectra of nonisothermal oxidation of as-received MWCNTs. All Raman spectra were recorded using 633-nm laser excitation... 

Fig. 12.8 (a) Raman spectra of MWCNTs after isothermal oxidation at different temperatures in air, recorded at room temperature. The inset shows changes in the Id/Ig ratio as a function of oxidation temperature, (b) A flash oxidation allows a similar increase in Id/Ig, but without a significant loss of the sample, (c) Raman spectra and ID/IG ratio (inset) of MWCNTs oxidized in HN03 and HN03/H2S04. Raman spectra were recorded using 633-nm laser excitation... 

Fig. 12.13 (a) Raman spectra of different ND powders with sp contents ranging from 23% to 96%. (b) Changes in the intensity of D band, diamond peak, and Raman features at 1,640 and 1,740 cm . Intensities were normalized to the G band intensity at 1,590 cm ... 

Fig. 16.16 (a) Raman spectra of an adenine nanocrystal at several tip-sample distances indicated in the schematic of (b). The peaks marked by coo and coi represent the unperturbed ring breathing mode ( 720 cm ) [107] and the frequency shifted one, respectively. Deconvoluted Lorentzian peaks for each spectrum are also shown by the dotted curves... 

Fig. 17.6 (a) Raman spectra of small diameter Si NWs (< 15 nm) with three excitation wavelengths at 3 mW power, which should induce different degrees of local heating according to silicon s absorptivity. 

Fig. 17.7 (a) Raman spectra of ensembles of S ii xGGx (approximately 100 in each) with varying Ge atomic fraction (v) (With permission from reference [32]. Copyright (2008) by the American Chemical Society)... 

Figure 2. (a) Raman spectra of pure mica (1), ultramarine pigment on the pure mica film (2) and SERS spectrum of pigment on Ag/mica surface (3) (b) Raman spectrum of dry sample 1 without silver (1) and SERS spectra of dry samples 2, 3 and 4. 

Figure 1. (A) Raman spectra of the as-deposited film and samples annealed at 54, 99, 206 and 405 mJ/cm. (B) Variation of G peak position and b/Io ratio by laser energy.

Fig. 19. (A) Raman spectra, 2600 to 3800 cm 1, parallel polarization experiments, at — 0.3°C of water (curve W) and 1% solutions of glycoprotein 4 (curve 4) and of glycoprotein 8 (curve 8). (B) Difference spectra, 1% glycoprotein 4-water (curve 4) and 1% glycoprotein 8-water (curve 8). Experimental conditions 300 raW of power, 6 cm 1 slit width, and 0.5 second count time per cm 1. From Tomimatsu et al. (1976), reproduced with permission.

Figure 2 (a) Raman spectra in a wide frequency range. Thin and thick lines represent... 

Figure 1 (A) Raman spectra of vapour deposited pure EtOH and (B)...

Figure 1 (a) Raman spectra with corresponding photomicrographs and (b) pressure... 

Figures (a) Raman spectra with corresponding photomicrographs and (b) pressure dependence of Raman frequency shifts for the C-H symmetric stretching vibration mode of methane hydrate at 296 K. Crystals in photomicrographs are methane hydrate and surroundings are water at 0.12 GPa, 0.94 GPa, and 1.36 GPa and ice-VI at 1.83 GPa.

The spectra were recorded both through the overlying skin and directly on bare bone using the ultrafast Raman Kerr-gated method, (a) Raman spectra of wild-type mice (b) Raman spectra of oimfoim mice (c) Difference... 

Figure 3.45. (a) Raman spectra from an epoxy resin (DER332/T403) before and after 2.4 minutes of microwave curing and (b) a loading plot of PCI versus Raman shift. From Stellman et al. (1995). Copyright 1995 by Society for Applied Spectroscopy reproduced with permission of Society for Applied Spectroscopy. 

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