7i-conjugated polymers

Schlindler F, Lupton JM, Feldmann J, Scherf U (2004) A universal picture of chromophores in 7i-conjugated polymers derived from single-molecule spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101 14695-147000... 

When a 7i-conjugated polymer has long alkyl or alkoxy side chains and forms the stacked structure, it tends to be aligned on the surface of substrates (e.g., Pt plate) with the alkyl or alkoxy chains oriented toward the surface of the substrate [95,128,134,135], presumably because of a strong tendency for the alkyl chain to stand upright on the surface of substrates [95,136]. Actually, the PAEs shown in No. 19 in Table 2 are aligned on a Pt plate with the OR chains oriented toward the surface of the Pt plate [95]. A model for the alignment is depicted in Fig. 1. 

Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) studies of 7i-conjugated polymer films, solutions, blends and devices... 

Ultrafast Responses in 7i-conjugated Polymers with Large Optical Nonlinearity... 

Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of 7i-Conjugated Polymer Films, Solutions, Blends and Devices J Shinar... 

The synthesis of highly 7i-conjugated polymers has been recently reviewed. ... 

Similar Pd-catalyzed preparation of 7i-conjugated polymers e.g., coplanar head-to-head type polythiophene with -C=C-alkyl side chains, HH-P(C=CR)Th ) is possible by using RsSn-SnRs (R = Me or Bu), instead of (R0)2B-B(0R)2, as the condensation agent. ... 

Compared to the silole-containing polymers, phosphole has received little attention as a building block for extended -conjugated systems, despite its unique characteristics and numerous applications in organic and metal coordination chemistry. The first practically applicable synthesis was independently presented in 1959 by two groups. The first successful synthesis of phosphole-containing 7i-conjugated polymers was established by Tilley and... 

Until recently, catalyst-transfer polycondensations were limited to the preparation of p-type 7i-conjugated polymers and block copolymers comprising relatively simple electron-rich building blocks (such as thiophene). On the other hand, well-defined conjugated donor-acceptor alternate copolymers and donor-acceptor all-conjugated block copolymers are needed for practical applications. Very recently, controlled polymerizations of a few electron-deficient monomers were also reported." ... 

Electrooxidative polymerization of pyrrole, thiophene, and aniline was achieved in various imidazolium ionic liquids [26-28]. l-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM])[BF4] and [BMIM] [PFe]) for electropolymerization and notably 7i-conjugated polymers thus obtained are highly stable, and they can undergo electrochemical doping and dedoping in the ionic liquids up to million cycles. In addition, the polymers have cycleswitching speeds as fast as 100 m. 

The 7i-conjugated polymers can also be chemically induced to undergo redox reactions (e.g. oxidation by I2 and FeCls and reduction by Na), and the electro-chemically oxidized or reduced polymers show electrical conductivity in the 10 to 10 Scm range, presumably due to formed cationic (positive) or anionic (negative) carriers along the 7r-conjugated system. 

Organometallic polycondensation processes based on basic organometallic chemistry [1] have contributed to the preparation of 7r-conjugated polymers and represent the first preparation of this kind (e.g. PTh and PRTh). The 7r-conJugated polymers prepared by organometallic polycondensation have a well-characterized structure and have contributed to our understanding of basic chemical and physical properties as well as elucidation of the structure of the 7i-conjugated polymers. In addition, they are useful materials for electric and optical devices and are expected to be invaluable in future applications. 

Moliton, A., Hioms, R.C. Review of electronic and optical properties of semiconducting 7i-conjugated polymers applications in optoelectronics. Polym. Int. 53, 1397-1412 (2004)... 

Schweizer, K.S. (1986) "Order-disorder transitions of 7i-conjugated polymers in condensed phases, n. Model calculations", J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1176-1183... 

Control of alignment of 7i-conjugated polymers on the substrate is important for excellent performance of the polymer in electronic devices (e.g., higher mobility of carrier in field-effect transistors [134,136]). Details of the molecular structure and molecular assembly of PAEs will be discussed in other chapters. 

Polythiophene has a rigid polymeric backbones which renders it insoluble in common solvents thereby limiting their processability and consequent bulk-scale application. Polythiophene functionalized with appropiate pendant substituents will introduce structural alterations in the polymers making them more soluble. Since the introduction of substituents in monomers can also impart a significant influence on the other properties of the resulting polymers, the mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and optical properties of various 7i-conjugated polymers can be controlled by incorporation of substituents with appropriate structural and electronic properties in the respective monomers. 

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