Preparation of conjugated polymer

However, the particular synthetic requirements in the preparation of conjugated polymers have thus far severely limited the number of similarly hierarchically structured examples. Pu et al. reported different types of conjugated polymers with fixed main-chain chirality containing binaphthyl units in their backbone which exhibited, for example, nonlinear optical activity or were used as enantioselective fluorescent sensors [42—46]. Some chirally substituted poly(thiophene)s were observed to form helical superstructures in solution [47-51], Okamoto and coworkers reported excess helicity in nonchiral, functional poly(phenyl acetylenejs upon supramolecular interactions with chiral additives, and they were able to induce a switch between unordered forms as well as helical forms with opposite helical senses [37, 52, 53]. 

SCHEME 2.3 (A) The first attempt to utilize DArP for preparation of conjugated polymers. (B) Reaction conditions of DArP approach. (C) Comparison of the Suzuki versus DArP approach. (D) Comparison of the Stille versus DArP approach. 

An example of C—C coupling that shows characteristics of chain growth for the preparation of conjugated polymers will be given in Section 3.2.5 (Fig. 3.26). 

General Methods for Preparation of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposite... 

Izumi and coworkers carried out similar preparations of conjugated polymers with azobenzenes in the main chain [212, 213]. Application of various palladium-catalyzed coupling methods such as the Suzuki coupling and the Heck reactions allowed formation of poly(p-phenylene)- and poly(phenyl vinylene)-based polymers ... 

Hasik M, Kulszewiczbajer I, Pozniczek J, Plwowarska Z, Pron A, Bietanski A, Dziembry R Preparation of conjugated polymer supported heteropr anions. New efficient catalysts for ethyl-alcohol conversion. Stud Surf Sci Cataf 1995, 91 571-578. 

Example 9 Preparation of Conjugated Polymers Containing Silicon-Bridged Dithiophene Units ... 

Example 15 Preparation of Conjugated Polymer Containing 1,4-Bismercapto-Substituted 1,3-Diene Units via Titanacyclopentadiene ... 

PREPARATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMER SUPPORTED HETEROPOLYANIONS - NEW EFFICIENT CATALYSTS FOR ETHYL ALCOHOL CONVERSION... 

The synthetic routes that have been developed for the preparation of conjugated polymers are diverse. This diversity is driven in part by the desire to develop substitutes for metallic conductors and semiconductors, but other properties unique to EAPs have also attracted intense interest. The effort to synthesize materials with tailor-made properties has been and continues to be pursued by hundreds of research groups. These researchers are seeking to develop EAP materials and improve their electrical, mechanical, optical, processing, and thermal properties. New EAP device concepts are being used to incorporate the most promising EAP material solutions. 

The advent of the Durham route developed by teams at Durham University and BP Research introduced higher-quality material and an important concept in the preparation of conjugated polymers [98]. The Durham route involves the preparation of trans-FA via a soluble precursor polymer, which can be cast and the resultant films then stretch-aligned before thermal conversion (Fig. 4.17). The use of the precursor route allows processing and alignment to be achieved on what is otherwise an intractable material. Other methods that will be discussed later are the prerequisite to any real application of these materials. 

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