Sewage stabilisation

First, it is clear that the EEC sludge-to-land dircctivc(5), which directs that sewage sludge spread onto agricultural land should be stabilised has beneficial effects on the mitigation of odour nuisance, since both the strength and eventual total evolution of odour is cut by a factor of ten by the principal UK method of stabilisation. 

Luo, Y.M. and Christie, E (1998) Bioavailability of copper and zinc in soils treated with alkaline stabilised sewage sludges./Environ. Qual., 27, 335-342. 

Zorpas, A.A., Vlyssides, A.G. and Loizidou, M. (1998) Physical and chemical characterisation of anaerobically stabilised primary sewage sludge. Fresenius Environ. Bull., 7, 502-508. 

Fuentes, A., Liorens, M., Saez, J., Aguilar, I., Belen, Perez-Marin, A., Ortuno, J. F., and Meseguer, V. F. (2006). Ecotoxicity and extractability of heavy metals from different stabilised sewage sludge. Environ. Pollut. 143, 355—360. 

Mainly aircrete, sandlime bricks, other calcium silicate products and refractories. Mainly mortar, render, plaster, and drying/improvement/stabilisation of soils. Mainly potable water, sewage, liquid effluent and gaseous effluent treatment. 

However, there are circumstances in which raw sewage or sewage sludge is dis-infeeted, or stabilised , by raising the pH using lime [28.1]. The purification process depends on ... 

High energy radiation such as X-rays can be applied to suspensions as a pretreatment to kill pathogens, provide stabilisation and sometimes improve filtration rates, particularly for sewage sludges. The little work that has been done, however, suggests that the economics of irradiation are marginal and for many suspensions there are no measurable benefits of exposure to radiation. 

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