Zero-ozone-depletion potential

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The phase-out of CFCs began on Jnly 1, 1989, and by 1997, a hydroflnorcarbon, HFC134a, with zero ozone depletion potential, became the dominant refrigerant in the United States. The phase-out of CFCs in developing countries is on a slower schedule. 

Kayukawa et al. [17] studied the PVT properties of triiluoromethyl methyl ether, because it is a possible refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potential and low global-warming potential. One series of their data is shown in Table 5.6. Calculate Z, the compressibihty factor, and the molar volume in mol m from the given data, and fit the data for Z as a function of 1 /Pm to both a linear and a quadratic equation to see whether a third virial coefficient is warranted by the data. 

Perfluorocarbons are a class of organic compounds in which all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms. They possess unique properties that make them very useful as dispersants, carrier solvents, and processing solvent additives. Their lack of chlorine or bromine atoms results in zero-ozone-depletion potential. 

The CFC replacements need to be nontoxic, nonflammable and have significantly lower, or zero ozone depletion potentials. Many organic- and aqueous-based systems, that do not contain chlorine or fluorine, have been developed for some applications while others use hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Unlike hydrocarbon catalysis, the presence of hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine in the same molecule creates a very large number of... 

The search for propellants of low or zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) has led to the identification of a number of potential compounds. A number of chemical industry consortia were established to investigate the acute toxicity of the most promising candidates under The Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFTT). ... 

Fluorinated compounds such as hydrofluoroethers and perfluorocarbon ethers have certain unique properties that made these fluids compete in the low-temperature HTF market. First, these fluids are nonflammable and nontoxic. Some fluorinated compounds have zero ozone depleting potential and other environmental properties. Second, some of these fluids have a very low freezing point and low viscosity at low temperatures. However, these fluids are much more expensive compared to their counterparts. Also,... 

Until now the main application of trifluoromethyl bromide was its use as Halon 1301 in aeronautic ( ref. 13).Unfortunatly, Halons are implicated in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The participants of the 1992 Montreal Protocol Meeting in Copenhagen agreed to phase out Halon production by the year 1994, except for some essential fire-fighting uses. Research on alternative agents have been initiated in order to find new products with low or zero Ozone Depletion Potential. However, the numerous candidates examined so far present... 

Industry is seeking high yield, zero waste processes. Companies are evaluating the replacement of some base metal catalysts by more selective precious metal catalysts to eliminate troublesome by-product formation and/or contaminated waste waters. In the case of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s) industry is trying to develop cost effective processes to manufacture non-toxic Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC s) of zero ozone depleting potential to replace existing CFC s. 

Hydrofluorocarbons ("HFCs") consist of molecules containing only atoms of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon and were known at the time of the Montreal Protocol to have effectively zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). Following the Montreal Protocol, many participants in the refrigerant manufacturing and end-user industries therefore looked towards HFCs as replacements for CFCs across a range of applications. R-134a is one such HFC. 

They are non-toxic, have zero ozone depletion potential andhave significantly low green house potential. For these reasons, they are friendly to life and the environment and hence are useful in green chemistry. 

Features Performance fiuid offering low surf, tension, high chem.Aher-mai stability, no VOC for improved coating flow and performance zero ozone depletion potential... 

Environmentai Zero ozone depletion potential non-VOC high global warming potential and long atmospheric lifetime PF-5070 [3M/Perf. Materials]... 

Uses Dispersant for lubricants, mold release agents, protective coatings reaction media for polymerizations, purification, separation processes solvent for removal of halogenated lubricants, oils, greases carrier for halogenated material zero ozone depletion potential Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich Fluka Miteni SpA Trade Names PF-5070... 

Features Zero ozone depletion potential Regulatory FDA 21CFR 173.342 Manuf/Distrib. Aldrich Fluka Miteni SpA Trade Names PF-5060... 

Vertrel KCD-9547 is a proprietary azeotrope-like blend of Vertrel XF hydrofluorocarbon with trans-1,2-dichioro-ethylene and cyclopentane. It is ideally suited for use in vapor degreasing equipment to remove light oils, fingerprints, and particulate contaminants. Vertrel KCD-9547 is specially formulated to provide a high degree of compatibility with plastics, elastomers, and other nonferrous metals, such eis in aerospace parts. Vertrel KCD-9547 is nonflammable, has "zero" ozone depletion potential, and heis low global warming potential. It can replace CFC-113,1,1,1 -trichloroethane (1,1,1 -TCA), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and perfluorocarbons (RFC) in many applications. 

Not Precursors to Photochemical Smog (VOCs) Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Short Atmospheric Lifetimes Low Global Warming Potentials... 

Toxicology LDLo (IP, mouse) 4 g/kg low toxicity by IP route irritant TSCA listed Environmental Zero ozone depletion potential Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of F ... 

Table 14.4 lists the names and compositions of the fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent blends that were used in the past for cleaning applications. New replacement fluorinated solvents that have zero ozone depletion potential are also listed in Table 14.4. The physical properties of all the fluorinated solvents and blends are listed in Table 14.5. 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) has poor solvency for the soils normally encountered in cleaning operations. The patented Freon formulations from DuPont utilize CFC blends containing acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and methylene chloride (Table 14.4)...

HCFCs are allowed as stop-gap replacement for halons and CFCs. Ultimately, they will also be phased out of production due to their GWP and small OOP. Halocarbon gas systems are formd to be more convenient in suppressing fires in place of halons. A number of fire extinguishing halocarbon gases with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) have been developed. These include both HFCs such as pentafluoroethane, 2H-heptafluoropropane and... 

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