Yields and Product Properties

Effect of the solvent on the yields and product properties resulting from a deasphalting operation. 

Typical feedstock, yields and product properties from an alkylation unit. 

Typical composition of a coking feedstock. Yields and product properties. 

Table 10.16 gives a typical feedstock composition, as well as yields and product properties. 

Typical feedstock composition, yields and product properties for a hydrorefining unit (to be continued). 1... 

Catalyst Effects on Yields and Product Properties in Hydrocracking... 

Liquid product was distilled batchwise for determination of liquid yields and product properties. In the batch distillation, the first liquid product cut was made at l80°F (true boiling point). Isopentane and n-pentane were added back to this distillation cut in the amount measured in the gaseous product. The resulting blend, mainly consisting of components with carbon numbers of 5 and 6, is referred to as "Cs-l80oF product."... 

YIELDS AND PRODUCT PROPERTIES PROM HYDROCRACKING OP CALIFORNIA GAS OIL 60% PER PASS CONVERSION BELOW 550°F... 

Table I lists the properties of the hydrofined feed Table V shows yields and product properties at comparable conditions, and Table VI gives detailed chromatographic analyses of representative C5-l80°F products.

Yields and product properties in hydrocracking are influenced by the relationship between catalyst acidity and the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation activity of the... 

Table XI shows the second-stage yields and product properties. Although the hydrogen consumption is high, a considerable amount of this hydrogen would be recovered when the heavier naphtha product is fed to a catalytic reformer to be converted to high octane gasoline.

The database for these refinery LP models is a mixture of economic and technical inputs. Economic inputs include the availability and price of refinery raw materials, the variable cost of operating the individual process units, and the demand and price for refinery products. Technical inputs include refinery product specifications as well as the operating constraints, usage of equipment and utilities, product yields, and product properties for each process unit. 

In the fourth step, the preprocessor generates plant performance data for the FCC, gas oil hydrocracker, motor reformer and BTX reformer. For each of these process units, the preprocessor calls the appropriate process simulator which computes the usage of equipment and utilities, product yields, and product properties for all base and alternate operations specified by the user. For all of the FCC operations, the feed properties are those of the atmospheric plus vacuum gas oil from the base crude mix blended with a specified fraction of deasphalter overhead. 

Because of the increased sulfur and impurity levels in crudes currently being processed, refiners in recent years have been considering residue desulfurization units upstream of the delayed coker. In addition to the reduction in sulfur content, residue desulfurization units also lower the metals and carbon residue contents. Due to the reduction in the carbon residue, the liquid product yield is increased and the coke yield reduced. In addition, the coke produced from a desulfurized residue may be suitable for use as anode grade coke. Table I shows the yields and product properties after coking Medium Arabian vacuum residue, with and without upstream residue desulfurization. 

TABLE I. Estimated Yields and Product Properties for Regular Grade Coke Production... 

Sullivan, R. F., and Meyer, J. A., Catalysts Effects on Yields and Product Properties in Hydrocracking, American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, April 6-11, 1975. 

A microscale Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) simulation test is presented, which results in yields and product properties which correspond very well with commercial FCC results. 

Rigorous models for stand-alone units also can provide significant benefits. Previously, we reported benefits of US 3,000 per day (US 0.15 per barrel) for the initial optimizer on the hydrocracking complex these benefits were in addition to those provided by model-predictive DMC control. For RWO, a revised model based on Aspen Hydrocracker (AHYC) was developed. It includes a catalyst deactivation block, which enhances maintenance turnaround planning by predicting future catalyst activity, product yields and product properties for a variety of assumed feeds and specified operating conditions. This information also is used to impose constraints on present-day operation. 

Yui, S.M., Sanford, E.C. 1989. Mild hydrocracking of bitumen-derived coker and hydrocracker heavy gas oils Kinetics, product yields, and product properties, bid. Eng. Chem. Res. 28 1278-1284. 

Baird, C.T. June 1981. Crude oil yields and product properties, Ch. De la Haute-Belotte 6, Cud Thomas Baird IV, 1222 Vezenaz, Geneva, Switzerland. 

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