Yield with and without

Pesticide use and breast cancer risk among farmers wives in the agricultural health study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 161(2) 121-135. Fawcett, R.S. (2006). Two Decades of Atrazine Yield Benefits Research. North Central Weed Society Research Report, Atrazine Yield Data Summary, 1986-1995 and 1996-2005. Average Com Yield With and Without Atrazine. Prepared for the Atrazine Network for submission to Special Review Division, US Environmental Protection Agency. Available at http //www.ksgrains.com/triazine/ NC WS S % 20 Atrazine% 20 96-05 . pdf... 

Hartwig, N.L. (1988). Ten years of corn yields with and without crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) living mulch. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr., 28 19. 

It is possible to measure the quantum yield of the radical process (eq. 22) by the difference in CO yields with and without NO present. Clark and co-workers (54,55) have used this technique to measure the yield of radical process 22. They find a limiting value of at high NO pressures of 0.70, in good agreement with the values of 0.68 of Lewis and Lee (143) and 0.76 of Horowitz and Calvert (115). The obvious explanation for the increase in CO yield is that complete scavenging of HCO by NO allows an extra CO molecule to be generated. Radical reaction kinetics involving HCO and O2 (and NO) have been recently studied by flash photolysis (215) and laser photolysis/intracavity absorption (56). 

Quenching effects were linearized using the classical Stern-Volmer plot iJ)o /< vs Cq, where and < o are the quantum yields with and without quencher, Cq the concentration of quencher. 

Table 2.5 Crop yields with and without mulching film...

Based on the experimental H2 yields with and without CO added and the yields of CO and CO2 in the absence of radical scavengers, the following product yields (corrected for side reactions and relative to the amount of C2H4 consumed in reaction (1)) were determined ... 

Yields with and without toluene recycling are shown in Table 4.12. 

The relative quantum yield Y (ratio of yields with and without reaction)... 

Tubular flow reactors—minimum volume for second-order reversible reactions, maximum yield of consecutive reactions, minimum cost with and without recycle, and maximum profit with recycle... 

The conversion of octachloronaphthalene to octafluoronaphthalene with potassium fluoride and either 18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, cis,j>m,cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, cis,anti,cis-dicyclohexano-l 8-crown-6, or irons,syn,trails-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 demonstrates that 18-crown-6 or dibenzo-18-crown-5 increases the yield and selecuvity and decreases the reaction time [55] Treatment of 3,4-dichloro-],2,5-thiadiazole with potassium fluonde in sulfolane with and without 18-crown-6 present shows that less severe conditions can be used with either 18-crown-6 or dibenzo-18-crown-6 to form 3,4-difluoro-l,2,5-thiadiazole (equation 34)... 

Effect of RDS pretreatment on product yields from RFCC (with and without RDS) ... 

The results of reactions with and without MW irradiation are reported in Table 4.11. The reaction yields are comparable, but the reaction times of the irradiated reactions are considerably reduced. The alumina does not give acceptable results. The same reactions were carried out in nitrobenzene as solvent and under free-solvent conditions with and without MW irradiation. The results are reported in Table 4.12. In this case too, the only significant difference is the reaction time, so that the authors [41] concluded that MW-promoted reactions proceed like the thermal reactions except for a much higher reaction rate. 

The objectives of this study were to compare the yields of cold-pressed essential oil, water consumption, material balance and efficiency of the process in a typical citrus peel oil recovery plant with and without recycling system. The different emulsions and aqueous discharges from these processes were also characterized. 

Fig. 2.9.12 Phase shift maps measured as the difference in the signal phases with and without current pulses. The rf, field gradient and current pulse program are shown in Figure 2.9.2. The phase shift maps must be unwrapped as the original evaluation yields phase angles only in the principal range between —7t/2 and +7r/2 as a consequence of the 7r periodicity of the tangent function formed as the quotient of the imaginary and real signal...

The exposure value thus yielded provides a measure of the skin exposure with and without consideration of a protective garment and gloves (personal protective equipment = PPE), and may be taken directly for comparison with appropriate data from relevant toxicity studies for assessment of the risk via the dermal route. 

Table III shows the results of operating the SRT unit in the hydrogen donor mode (catalytically hydrogenated solvent) with and without the addition of Light SRC to the distillate solvent Batch I solvent was used in Run 9 A blend of Batch VI solvent and Light SRC, 70/30 weight ratio, were catalytically hydrogenated as the feed to Runs 1 and 3 The hydrogen donor capability of the solvents were measured by the Equilibrium microautoclave tests These bench-scale SRT results are rather extraordinary in respect to increased distillate yields and improvement in unit operability with addition of Light SRC In Table III the integrated yields refer to the combination of liquefaction, CSD, and catalytic hydrogenation of the solvent ...

For n-decane isomerization, when a good balance between the metal phase and the acidic phase of the catalysts is reached, the isomerization and cracking yield curves of the catalysts are a unique function of the conversion, meaning that these yields do not depends on the porosity nor the acidity of large pore materials. Formation of the most bulky isomers, such as 4-propylheptane and 3-ethyl-3-methylheptane was favored in mesoporous solids (figure 1). Criteria based on the formation of these particular isomers are linked with mesoporosity and could be useful to discriminate between zeolites catalysts with and without mesopores. 

For 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-BA the lifetimes measured with and without DNA are the same within experimental error ( 2 nsec). Without DNA the decay profile of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-BP follows a single-exponential decay law. With DNA the decay profile has a small contribution from a short-lived component (x = 5 nsec) which arises from DNA complexes. This indicates that Equation 1 is not strictly valid. However, the analysis of the decay profile with DNA also indicates that the short lifetime component contributes less than 11% to the total emission observed at [POa ] 5 x 10 M. Under these conditions Equation 1 still yields a good approximate value to the association constant for intercalation. 

DDQ ( red = 0.52 V). It is noteworthy that the strong medium effects (i.e., solvent polarity and added -Bu4N+PFproduct distribution (in Scheme 5) are observed both in thermal reaction with DDQ and photochemical reaction with chloranil. Moreover, the photochemical efficiencies for dehydro-silylation and oxidative addition in Scheme 5 are completely independent of the reaction media - as confirmed by the similar quantum yields (d> = 0.85 for the disappearance of cyclohexanone enol silyl ether) in nonpolar dichloromethane (with and without added salt) and in highly polar acetonitrile. Such observations strongly suggest the similarity of the reactive intermediates in thermal and photochemical transformation of the [ESE, quinone] complex despite changes in the reaction media. 

Crystal data and parameters of the data collection (at -173°, 50 < 20 < 450) are shown in Table I. A data set collected on a parallelopiped of dimensions 0.09 x 0.18 x 0.55 mm yielded the molecular structure with little difficulty using direct methods and Fourier techniques. Full matrix refinement using isotropic thermal parameters converged to R = 0.I7. Attempts to use anisotropic thermal parameters, both with and without an absorption correction, yielded non-positive-definite thermal parameters for over half of the atoms and the residual remained at ca. 0.15. 

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