Yield planting date

Russo, V.M. 1992. Effects of planting date and spray-on mulch on yield of eggplant cultivars. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 3(1) 41-50. 

Jerusalem artichoke can grow in nutritionally poor soils with minimal cultivation. However, good agronomic practices considerably increase crop productivity. Practices that raise tuber and biomass yields include choice of cultivar, planting date, effective weed control, fertilization, irrigation, and good harvesting procedures. 

Killi, F., Ktiqtikler, A.H., and Safjti, H., Effect of different planting dates and potassium applications on tuber yield, yield composition and soluble dry matter content of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), in Optimizing Crop Nutrition, International Potash Institute, Izmir, Turkey, 2005, pp. 124—129, http //www.ipipotash.org. 

Kalra, A., Parameswaran, T.N., Ravindra, N.S., Rao, M.C. and Kumar, S. (2000) Effects of planting date and dinocap applications on the control of powdery mildew and yields of seed and seed oil in coriander. Journal of Agricultural Science 1 35(2), 1 93-1 97. 

Wrather, J.A. D.A. Sleper W.E. Stevens J.G. Shannon R.E Wilson. Planting date and cnltivar effects on soybean yield, seed quality, and Phomopsis sp. seed infection. Plant Dis. 2003, 87, 529-532. 

Despite the ever increasing demand of gasoline in the 1970s, the work horse REY-zeolite was still widely used until octane number became a serious problem. As late as 1972, out-of-date catalysts were still used in low-yield plants by operators not wishing to pay more than the minimum price for catalysts. About 90% of cracking units were using zeolites, but around 20% was the relatively unstable, yet cheaper, X-zeolite The remaining 10% of the catalysts used were... 

Alizarin. There is only one significant plant anthraquinone dye, alizariu [72-48-0] (Cl Natural Red 6, 8, 9,10, 11, and 12 Cl 75330). In ancient times, alizaria was the preferred red dye. Cloth dyed with it has been found in Egyptian tombs dating 6000 years ago. The dye is found in the madder plant, a member of the Rubiaceae family. In 1944 about 35 species of this plant were known (1), but the use of more sophisticated analytical methods led to the detection of many more species by 1984 the number had increased to 50 (2). Of these, tinctorum and R peregrina yield the greatest amount of dye,... 

Indium-mediated allylation of an unreactive halide with an aldehyde132 was used to synthesize an advanced intermediate in the synthesis of antillatoxin,133 a marine cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majus-cula) that is one of the most ichthyotoxic compounds isolated from a marine plant to date. In the presence of a lanthanide triflate, the indium-mediated allylation of Z-2-bromocrotyl chloride and aldehyde in saturated NH4C1 under sonication yielded the desired advanced intermediate as a 1 1 mixture of diastereomers in 70% yield. Loh et al.134 then changed the halide compound to methyl (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-butenoate and coupled it with aldehyde under the same conditions to yield the desired homoallylic alcohol in 80% yield with a high 93 7 syn anti selectivity (Eq. 8.55). 

To date, electrosynthesis is being used in more than 60 commerical processes to make about 100 different compounds. Table 8 [48] lists electrosynthetic reactions that have yielded a product of sufficient practical interest to be commercialized. See also Table 6.2 in Ref. [10]. Table 9a lists commercial intermediates and products evaluated in a pilot plant by BASF, Table 9b lists products produced electrochemically by SNPE. 

By adding up to 36% ethylene glycol to the aqueous catalyst phase, the space-time yield could be boosted up to approx. 3 mt m-3 h-1 for propene hydroformylation, a factor of 20 in comparison to the conventional two-phase process without changing the reaction conditions. Because of this surprising speed-up, higher alpha-olefins up to 1-octene are converted with high to acceptable space-time yield (Fig. 22). Up to date this process is not commercialized, but has been tested in a continuous pilot plant. 

Experimental work to date confirms that the MTO process, which is an extension of fluid-bed MTG technology, has been scaled up successfully in a 4 BPD fluid-bed pilot plant at Mobil s Paulsboro Laboratory. Product yields and catalyst performance were nearly identical to those of bench top microunits. The process is currently being demonstrated in the 100 BPD fluid-bed semi-works plant in Germany. The plant was started up February, 1985 after completing modifications required to enable extended operation at MTO conditions. 

Bioreactor-based systems for mass production of anthocyanins from cultured plant cells have been described for several species.A highly productive cell line of Aralia cordata obtained by continuous cell aggregate cloning has, for instance, been reported to yield anthocyanins in concentrations as high as 17%i on a dry weight basis. However, to date economic feasibility has not been established in part because of some unique engineering challenges inherent in mass cultivation of plant cultures. 

By comparison, a series of mostly monoacylated flavonols is known to date and recent reports increased the number slightly. Four new products came from Pseudognaphalium robustum and Tanacetum microphyllum (both Asteraceae), and from Adina cordifolia (Rubia-ceae). A diacetylated compound (3,5-diacetyltambulin) was recently isolated from the bark of Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum (Rutaceae). Since most of the flavonols are monoacylated, the accumulation of quercetin tetraacetate in Adina cordifolia is a remarkable result. Altogether, the newly reported compounds occur scattered in the plant kingdom their occurrence is so far of little chemosystematic value. Aerial parts of Tanacetum microphyllum (Asteraceae) yielded a derivative, which is structurally not an ester. It is, indeed, a carbo-methoxy derivative of 6-hydroxyluteolin-4 -methyl ether (compound 34 in Table 12.5). No other flavonoid of this type is known so far. 

Marijuana use dates back to prehistoric times. Only one species of the plant, Cannabis sativa, yields both a potent drug and hemp, a strong fiber that is used in the manufacture of rope, canvas, and linen. Americans grew Cannabis sativa for its fiber for many years. —... 

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