Yeasts, biotechnological production

Most of today s approved biotechnology products are produced in bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Newer sources currently used to manufacture clinical trial materials include insect cells, transgenic animals, and gene therapy vectors. Other potential sources include transgenic plants and nonviral delivery systems... 

The data presented in Table 19.1 possess some special features. First, the dominant sample is Se-enriched yeast, which is a clear consequence of at least three factors, that is (1) Se-enriched yeast is relatively easy to produce with the instrumentation available in a conventional microbiological or biotechnological laboratory (2) numerous Se-enriched yeast-based products are available on the market as food supplements and (3) the often quoted Clark report [88] proved... 

The ability to clone and express commercially useful quantities of recombinant human proteins in bacterial, insect cell, yeast fermentation systems, or transgenic animals has enabled the development and introduction into the marketplace of otherwise unavailable lifesaving protein drugs. Numerous recombinant human protein and biotechnology products are in clinical trials or pending regulatory agency approval. 

All industrial biotechnological production processes use complex cultivation media which consist of agricultural by-products (beet or cane molasses, corn-steep liquor, cottonseed meal, whey permeate, peanut floiu-, soybean meal, distillation residues, etc.). In addition polysaccharides (starch, dextrose, malt extract, maltodextrins, etc.) and proteins (e.g. caseinate, yeast autolysates, etc.) are used as energy sources for the microorganisms and cells. These systems... 

Morrissey, J.P., Etschmann, M.M.W, Schrader, J., and de Billerbeck, G.M, (2015) Cell factory applications of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus for the biotechnological production of natural flavour and fragrance molecules. Yeast, 32, 3-16. 

Berry, D. R., Watson, D. C. (1987). Volatile compounds production in alcoholic beverages. In Yeast biotechnology. Ed. Berry, D.R., Russell, I., Stewart, G. London Allen and Unwin. 

Berry, D.R., D.C. Watson, Production of organoleptic compounds, in Yeast Biotechnology, D.R. Berry, I. RusseU, G.G. Stewart, Eds., Allen and Unwin, London, 1987,... 

This chapter focuses on the first method, that is, production in a sterile container (bioreactor or fermenter), as it is representative of over 99% of biotechnological products from individual or adherent cells of animals, mammals, plants, fungi, yeast, and bacteria. 

During the last decade, microbial platforms for industrial production of plant terpenoids have been developed the biotechnological production of artemisinin precursors in yeast and . coli is a relevant milestone [186,187]. Thanks to these technologies, even terpenes occurring in low amounts in plants can be produced at commercial levels, provided that terpene synthases that perform well in the chosen heterologous host can be found. 

Dogaris, I., Diomi, M., Dimitris, K. Biotechnological production of ethanol fiom renewable resources by Neurospora crassa an alternative to conventional yeast fermentations Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013, 97, 1457-1473. 

---