World Supply and Demand

Because of the low boiling point of ethylene oxide, reactions are generally conducted in stirred autoclaves at elevated pressures. Economic Aspects. A breakdown of saUent 1987 world supply and demand figures for HEC is given in Table 5. 

Paraxylene and Derivatives - World Supply and Demand Report, PCI-Xylenes and Polyesters Ltd, Guildford, Surrey, UK. 

Brooks, D., Pajuoja, H., Peck, T.J., Solberg, B. and Wardle, P.A. (1996). Long-term trends and prospects in world supply and demand for wood. In Long-term Trends and Prospects in World Supply and Demand for Wood and Implications for Sustainable Forest Management, Solberg, B. (Ed.). European Forest Institute, Research Report 6, EFI, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 75-106. 

FREE WORLD SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR VANADIUM FROM 1973 THROUGH 1980... 

Union Carbide has recently completed a study of the Free World supply and demand for vanadium, The conclusions of the study are substantially different from those conducted earlier due to changing market demand and because of recently announced plans by the basic producers of the Free World to expand production capacities. This paper presents the results of the recent study. 

The projected Free World supply and demand are compared in Figure 14.1 and in Table 14.3. Production capacity is estimated at 42.5 million pounds of vanadium in 1973 and consiamption at 38 million pounds, a surplus of 4.5 million pounds or 12%. In fact,... 

Free World Supply and Demand (In Millions of Pounds of V)... 

Economic Aspects. A breakdown of salient 2000 world supply and demand... 

About 90% of industrially produced methanol is converted in the chemical industry or used as solvent for synthetic applications. In addition, methanol has gained increasing importance as energy equivalent and fuel in recent decades. In 2012 the estimated annual world supply and demand of methanol is expected to rise to 62.1 X 10 t. 

The economics of acetone production and its consequent market position are unusual. Traditional laws of supply and demand cannot be appHed because supply depends on the production of phenol and demand is controUed by the uses of acetone. Therefore, coproduct acetone from the cumene to phenol process will continue to dominate market supply. DeHberate production of acetone from isopropyl alcohol accommodates demand in excess of that suppHed by the phenol process. More than 75% of world and 90% of U.S. production comes from the cumene to phenol process. 

Table 4. Supply and Demand of Oxalic Acid in tbe World Market in 1992, tons...

Polyamide and Intermediates, Techcon (U.K.) Ltd., London pubHshed monthly Nylon Intermediates andFiber, PCI— Fibers Raw Materials, West Sussex, U.K. pubHshed monthly World Nylon 6 and 66 Supply and Demand Report, PCI— Fibers Raw Materials, West Sussex, U.K. pubHshed annually Chemical Economic Handbook, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., pubHshed and updated periodically. 

Table 12. World Ammonia Supply and Demand, 10 t of Elemental Nitrogen...

The supply and demand for mbidium compounds has grown steadily since the 1970s. In 1979 the U.S. demand was ca 1040 kg of contained mbidium (16), and total world demand was estimated at approximately twice that of the United States. Reserves of mbidium in North America are estimated at 2 X 10 kg the United States is - 100% import-reliant for mbidium, and Canada is the principal source of the raw material (16). The demand for mbidium metal is small compared to the demand for mbidium compounds. Table 2 fists approximate prices of mbidium metal and mbidium compounds. Primary producers of mbidium are Cabot Performance Chemicals (Boyerstown, Pennsylvania), MSA Research Corporation (Callery, Pennsylvania), and CM Chemical Products, Inc. (Berkeley Heights, New Jersey). Research quantities of mbidium in standard and specialized ampuls are available from Strem Chemicals, Inc. (Newburyport, Massachusetts). 

Ferrosilicon Supply and Demand. Western world production of ferrosihcon amounted to 1,120,000 metric tons of contained sihcon in 1993, the equivalent of 1,500,000 t of 75% ferrosihcon. The Western world production has fahen by almost one-fourth since the all-time peak recorded in 1989. The main reason for this drop has been the rise in ferrosihcon exports from China, Eastern Europe, and other CIS countries. 

The World Tin Industy—Supply and Demand, Austrahan Mineral Economics Pty., Ltd., Sydney, Austraha, 1980, pp. 176—180, 202—206. 

Table 9 is a summary of world toluene supply and demand for 1996. North America, Asia, and Western Europe dominated the world s toluene business ia 1996. The three regions together accounted for over 85% of world production, imports, exports, and actual consumption, respectively. North America led ia production and consumption, while Asia led ia imports and exports. Table 10 presents the world toluene supply and demand. The worldwide demand for toluene increased by 7% from 1993 to 1994 and from 1994 to 1995, consecutively, because of higher hydrodealkylation (HDA) and disproportionation (TDP) operations, plus strong demand for all other derivatives. Over 70% of toluene is derived from a single source, catalytic reformate. 

Table 9. World Toluene Supply and Demand Summary for 1996,10 t...

The Japanese Plastic Waste Management Institute is developing a process to convert PVC and other plastic waste materials to fuel oil through pyrolysis. In Eiuope, a free market for plastics waste is now being established by the European Plastics Converters over the internet. The company says it will be possible to establish market prices for recyclates at European level on a supply and demand basis. The European market for recycled plastics is currently worth around 1.18bn US dollars and is predicted to reach 2.53bn US dollars by the endof2001. WORLD... 

Fourth, the scope of the application must be bounded. There must be some specification of the functionality of the expert system and characteristics of the problems it is expected to solve. Trying to build an expert system to solve the world s economic problems is not a good application to choose. However, selecting a product mix from an oil refinery based on the current state of supply and demand in the world s energy markets might be a good application. 

To meet military supply and demand it often becomes necessary to maintain large supplies of jet fuels at various locations thruout the world. This fuel must be stable so it can be available for immediate use. While fuel can be kept relatively new in some areas by means of stock rotation, this may not be possible in others. This brings up the problem of stability in standing storage... 

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