World Health Organization International Classification

World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Eelated Health Problems (ICD-10), 10th Rev., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. 

The World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, has evaluated the data for aniline and has placed aniline in its group 3 classification of carcinogenicity , that is, aniline is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. 

Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin LH. World Health Organization International Histological Classification of Tumours Histological Typing of Endocrine Tumours. 2nd ed. Berlin Springer 2000. 

World Health Organization, International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, Tenth revision, Vol. 1., Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992, pp. 1243. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification (shown in Table 5) also makes a distinction between toxicity and hazard and recognizes that liquid formulations are more hazardous. This international classification is based on a comparative analysis of the standards adopted by different countries for classifying pesticide toxicity. One new aspect in the WHO classification is the evaluation of pesticide products by concentration of active ingredient and formulation (solid or liquid). Other special considerations are products that cause irreversible effects, those for which the hazard of inhalation exceeds that of oral or skin entry, and those for which human health risks are greater than the risk to animals. 

WHO (World Health Organization). 1996. International Programme on Chemical Safety IPCS) The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 1996-1997. Geneva. 

Diagnostic criteria for inhalant use disorders in DSM-IV-TR are similar to those in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (World Health Organization 1992). These criteria include biological, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of inhalant dependence is given when three or more of the seven criteria are present (see Table 8-2). The first criteria to be considered here are tolerance and withdrawal. These phenomena are considered to be forms of adaptation to chronic administration of these compounds and were discussed extensively earlier in this chapter. 

There has been some suggestion that the DSM may be influenced by the development of other classification systems, most notably by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 World Health Organization, 1992) which is a widely used international diagnostic system. There are certainly examples in the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1987, 1994) that clearly indicate that the DSM was changed simply to make it more compatible with an ICD diagnosis. For example, the DSM-IV added a new diagnosis termed Acute Stress Disorder for compatibility with the ICD-10 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 783). 

West RJ, Jarvis MJ, Russell MA, Carruthers ME, Feyerabend C (1984) Effect of nicotine replacement on the cigarette withdrawal syndrome. Br J Addict 79 215-219 World Bank (1999), Curbing the epidemic governments and the economics of tobacco control. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC World Health Organization (1992) The ICD-10 classification of mental behavioural disorders. World Health Organization, Geneva... 

NuiTibers following disease are from the eighth (1968-1977) or ninth (1978-1982) revision of the International Classification of Diseases, World Health Organization. 

Expected deaths are obtained from mortality tables, which are compiled from documented causes of death (usually death certificate) for the population of a nation or an area of a country. The usual sources of mortality data are mortality rates, commonly in five-year age groupings, published annually by vital records offices of a country or political subdivision (state, county, etc.). Some of the data sets are available through the World Health Organization tabulations of disease worldwide, which are based on the International Classification of Diseases. 

International classification of diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) classification of mental and behavioral disorders clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993. 

Hygienists (ACGIH), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and World Health Organization (WHO) have established guidelines on exposure and classifications of the carcinogenicity of arsenic. 

WHO (1980) International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps A manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease. Geneva, World Health Organization. 

In this scheme, the primary reference material is defined as a chemical substance of the highest (and known) purity, or a well-characterized substance in a matrix, This classification of materials is, however, fairly arbitrary. It is ideal when used in connection with standards characterized in terms of biological activity. Primary standards are thus the International Reference Preparations (IRP) produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this case the primary standard for a particular antibiotic is the WHO reference preparation which constitutes the unit of that antibiotic. When people wish to use it they have to prepare a large batch of samples calibrated to the primary. This is then called a secondary standard. However, for well-defined chemical parameters, the term certified reference material is preferred. 

Woo J, Kay R, Yuen YK et al. (1992). Factors influencing long-term survival and disability among three-month stroke survivors. Neuroepidemiology 11 143-150 World Health Organization (1987). International Classification of Diseases,... 

The World Health Organization acknowledges with thanks the input of the following International Pharmaceutical Federation/World Health Orga-nization/Biopharmaceutics Classification System (FIP/WHO/BCS) Task Force members Kamal K. Midha, Vinod P. Shah, Gordon Amidon, Dirk Barends, Jennifer Dressman, John Hubbard, Hans Junginger, Rabi Patnaik, James Polli and Salomon Stavchansky. 

REAL, Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms developed by the International Lymphoma Study Croup WHO, World Health Organization. 

Many environmental chemical substances have been implicated in the etiology and promotion of human cancers and have been classified as such by the World Health Organization s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The IARC classifications are widely utilized to assess the degree of risk associated with human exposure to well characterized chemicals or mixtures (http //... 

Two classification systems are often used for diagnostic and billing purposes by social workers who counsel clients who have mental health disorders. One was developed by the World Health Organization, which sponsored the International Classification of Diseases and the other by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), which publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 

World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. 

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