International organizations World Health Organization

WHO. 1991. Environmental health criteria 119 Principles and methods for the assessment of nephrotoxicity associated with exposure to chemicals Geneva, Switzerland United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organization, World Health Organization. 

It must be noted that the international regulatory organizations (World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU)/EFSA, the US EPA, etc.) have not established safety limits yet for PFC in drinking water. However, recently, Schriks et al. [106] derived provisional drinking water guideline values for PFOS and PFOA of 0.5 and 5.3 p.g/1, respectively, on the basis of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) values proposed by EFSA (2008). 

World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Eelated Health Problems (ICD-10), 10th Rev., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. 

In 1949 the World Health Organization adopted the biological activity of 1 mg of an oil solution containing 0.025 p.g of crystalline D as the analytical standard for vitamin D. This standard was discontinued in 1972. USP uses crystalline cholecalciferol as a standard (80). Samples of reference standard may be purchased from U.S. Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., Reference Standards Order Department, 12601, Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852. One international unit of vitamin D activity is that activity demonstrated by 0.025 ]1 of pure crystalline (7 -vitamin D. One gram of vitamin D3 is equivalent to 40 x 10 lU or USP units. The international chick unit (ICU) is identical to the USP unit. 

For all three compounds, biological data relevant to the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans are summarized in the World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer monograph (70). 

World Health Organization, Congenital Malformations Worldwide A Reportfrom the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, Elsevier, Oxford, 1991, p. 113. 

WHO (World Health Organization). 1996. International Programme on Chemical Safety IPCS) The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 1996-1997. Geneva. 

Recent consensus committees, including the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) and the World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) Guidelines Subcommittee, have modified traditional treatment recommendations in several important ways. 

Diagnostic criteria for inhalant use disorders in DSM-IV-TR are similar to those in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (World Health Organization 1992). These criteria include biological, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of inhalant dependence is given when three or more of the seven criteria are present (see Table 8-2). The first criteria to be considered here are tolerance and withdrawal. These phenomena are considered to be forms of adaptation to chronic administration of these compounds and were discussed extensively earlier in this chapter. 

Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are published by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) — a cooperative programme of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). CICADs have been developed from the Environmental Health Criteria documents (EHCs), more than 200 of which have been published since 1976 as authoritative documents on the risk assessment of chemicals. 

International Programme on Chemical Safety (1994) Assessing human health risks of chemicals derivation of guidance values for health-based exposure limits. Geneva, World Health Organization (Environmental Health Criteria 170) (also available at http //www.who.int/pcs/). 

I PCS (1999c) International Chemical Safety Card — Dibutyltin dilaurate. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (ICSC 1171 http //www.ilo.org/ public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/ icsc11/icsc1171. htm). 

EL = emissions level ERA = Environmental Protection Agency HSDB = Hazardous Substances Data Bank lARC = International Agency for Research on Cancer IRIS = Integrated Risk Information System NIOSH = National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health OEL = occupational exposure limit OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL = permissible exposure limit RAC = reference air concentration REL = recommended exposure limit RCRA = Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RfD = reference dose TLV = threshold limit value TWA = time-weighted average WHO = World Health Organization... 

IARC. 1983. lARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 30. Miscellaneous Pesticides. Lyon, France International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 

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