With Functionalized Alkylating Agents

Ungaro, R. Pochini, A. Andreetti, G. D. J. Inclusion Phenom. Mol. Recognit. Chem. 1984,2,199 Arduini, A. Pochini, A. Reverberi, S. Ungaro, R. Tetrahedron 1986,42,2089. 

Calestani, G. Ugozzoli, F. Arduini, A. Ghidini, E. Ungaro, R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 

0-alkylating agent and subsequent conversion of Cl to N3 followed by treatment with Cgo) a fullerene attached to 8 has been prepared.  

Alkylation with arylmethyl halides containing heteroatoms provides still another route for the introduction of functional groups onto the lower rim. Examples include (a) pyridylmethyl ethers 127d, extensively studied by Pap-palardo and coworkers (for a review, see ref. 13g), (b) nitrobenzyl ethers 127e (X = (c) halobenzyl ethers 127e (X = halogen),and (d) cy- 

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Brookes, P. Lawley, P.D. (1961). The reactions of mono- and di-functional alkylating agents with nucleic acids. Biochem. J. 80,496-503. 

Note In contrast, functional groups with the potential to react with the alkylating agent would be disadvantageous to say the least. 

Modification of sulfydryl groups to produce amine functions alkylating agent reacts with carboxyl groups at acid pH monomer unit for polyethylene amine, a versatile polymer. 

J.4 Alkylation with Di> and Poly>functional Alkylating Agents... 

Since dendrimers are often pursued as globular protein mimics, it is useful to be able to vary each monomer unit from the other, ie introduce sequences within dendrimers. For achieving such a possibility, the convergent approach is an ideal synthetic protocol. The Thayumanavan group has developed two synthetic protocols in which the peripheral functionalities of the dendrimers are all different from each other (21,22). In the first approach, we used an AB2 monomer unit in which one of the B units is protected. This approach was demonstrated by the monoprotection of one of the phenolic groups of 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol with an allyl moiety. The resultant monomer was treated with one alkylating agent to... 

Modification of the homooxacalixarene lower rim has been achieved by alkylation reactions with simple alkyl halides or functionalized alkylating agents. 

Esters are generally prepared by reaction of an acid with an alcohol. In the presence of a catalyst the raw materials are heated to temperatures up to 250 °C to remove water and to obtain high conversion. Due to the thermal instability of quaternary ammonium compounds, they are not recommended for use with alcohol or acid functions in the esterification. In the case of esteramines, the esterification is usually carried out with tertiary alkanol-amines and fatty acids. The corresponding esteramine is reacted with an alkylating agent like dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride to obtain the corresponding quaternary ammonium compound. 

Another important feature is the reactivity of the phosphorodithioates with alkylating agents. When one phosphorodithioate linkage is incorporated within an oligonucleotide, it can serve as a point of attachment for reporter groups bearing an alkylating function. 

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