Wireless communications bluetooth

Bluetooth A technology that uses radio frequency standards for wireless communication between computers and their peripherals. A line-of-sight cormection is not necessary. 

The transmission of data is more and more often done through the usage of wireless communication system. The integration of a Bluetooth or RFID chip can allow to stock data and access them remotely. 

In recent years, research into wireless networking has been dominated by the perceived need for high bandwidth access to data intensive files with extensive graphical, video and audio content. Bluetooth has been heralded as the low-power wireless standard of the future, but it is very much a high-bandwidth technology, designed to integrate portable devices into this communications infrastructure, and is relatively power... 

Fig. 5.32 Frequency bands covered by the various wireless technologies ( includes Bluetooth Harald Blatand (Bluetooth) was a famous King of Denmark c.960 who is known for encouraging communication between people).

Diverse techniques of wireless transmission exist, for example, infrared or radio operator waves using various standards (IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth). If these modes of transmission free communicative clothing from the need for physical connections, several additional constraints must also be taken into account. For example, the energy consumption necessary to their operation may be important. Moreover, when it is a question of simple information transport (like a contact open or closed or similar), or of energy transport, wired connections become indispensable. The wireless connections mainly have to be used to connect the user to the external environment. 

C. Bisdikian, An overview of the bluetooth wireless technology, IEEE Commun. Mag. 39 (12) (December 2001) 86-94. 

Communication. Microwaves are commonly used by communication systems on the Earth s surface, in satellite communications, and in deepi-space radio communications. Microwaves are commonly used by television news media to transmit audio and video from a specially equipped van to a television station. Mobile telephone networks operate in the lower end of the microwave band, while others operate at frequencies just beneath the microwave band. Networks of microwave relay links have largely been replaced by fiber-optic networks. Wireless transmission employing local area network (LAN) protocols such as Bluetooth operate in the 2.4 GHz microwave band. Other LAN protocols operate at higher microwave frequencies. Wireless Internet services operate in the 3.5-4.0 GHz range. 

Besides the wide use of printed resistors for various applications, the focus of integration for capacitors and inductors is mainly for the radio frequency and lower microwave band of the frequency spectrum. Applications of interest are front-end modules for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), filter modules for various wireless applications, and Bluetooth technology. 

J.-R.C. Chien, C.-C. Tai, A new wireless-type physiological signal measuring system using a PDA and the bluetooth technology. Biomedical Engineering Applications, Basis and Communications 17 (2005) 229-235. 

Textile antennae can be incorporated into clothing systems for long-distance communication (Salonen and Rahmat-Samii, 2006). They can be directly printed onto a textile substrate or a micro-patch anteima attached to a vest. Depending on the environment, such antennae can operate in the range of 10-100 m. Longer-distance communication can be achieved by improved technology and the use of laptop computers or mobile phones. Very short distance connections can be made by wireless links using induction. Data can also be transferred by Bluetooth modules if the soldiers are located close to a central control facility. 

According to lEC 61784-3-3 it is required to use encr3q)tion and authentication if there are security threats when using wireless comimmication [6]. The use of WLAN and Bluetooth and how to configure the wireless access points are described in details in [6]. In addition the PROFINET lO security concept is based on the concept of trusted zones , where each zone is protected by a perimeter defense. Within this zone, commimication is based on trust and all nodes can communicate with each other freely without restrictions [20]. 

Nordic is a long time partner of ANT wireless. The Nordic s nRF24L01 shares the same carrier-based 2.4 GHz frequency bandwidth with Bluetooth and Zigbee and in some case, the protocol will be disturbed by Bluetooth and Zigbee. However, Nordic s nRF24L01 can work in 83 channels with IMHZ bandwidth. So the protocol architecture consists of the frequency agility with a scheduled list to guarantee the robustness of the communication protocol [9]. 

Bluetooth communication technology is defined by IEEE 802.15.1 for wireless personal area network (PAN) with a short range. [2] The largest use is in the implementation of the Bluetooth connection between the fixed and end mobile devices, especially since it features very low power consumption, low cost and, equally important, simple configuration. However, this does not preclude usage of the Bluetooth networking. Standard supports connection of up to eight devices, of which only one can be master (controls the communication), such a network is called Piconet [3]. 

In accordance with the previous chapter the very application developnemt will be executed. That especially means that the application will be separated into two functional units which will function separately, and their cooperation will ensured by the proper transmission of data. The middle of the application is Bluesense Control, this part also manages the communication between the application and the wireless Bluetooth module BluesenseAD. It also ensures the transfer of data visualization. The relationship between parts of applications and measurement module is shown in Figure 1. 

Although there are several communication standards for biomedical applications, most of them eannot provide enough bandwidth for simultaneous recording from more than 100 ehannels. For example, MICS band, which is allocated for the unlicensed use of implantable devices, allows only 300 kHz for data transmission. Other wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth cannot be used directly due to the power and area constraint of the implanted device. Therefore, there is a need for higher-bandwidth data transmission telemetry that consumes low power and occupies less physical area. 

Most of the robotic applications proposed in the literature are based on Wireless Personal AreaNetworks (IEEE 802.15) and mainly exploit Bluetooth and Zigbee transmission technologies. In Bamhard, McClain, Wimpey, and Potter (2004), Bluetooth communication is adopted to coordinate search and navigation tasks. 

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