Whole-body dosimetry measurements

Methods for measuring worker exposure using simultaneous biological monitoring and whole-body dosimetry... 

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare ADD determined using whole-body dosimetry with results of two situational exposure studies conducted following use of a flea fogger under natural conditions. Chlorpy-rifos was selected due to its general availability as a fogger for indoor flea control. Chlorpyrifos is poorly absorbed by the dermal route and readily cleared from the body in urine (Nolan et al., 1984). Trichloropyridinol was measured in 24-hr urine specimens of the volunteers and was converted to chlorpyrifos equivalents as a measure of absorbed dose. The study provided an opportunity to determine the relationship between intensive, high-contact dosimetry studies and the amounts of chlorpyrifos absorbed by two sets of adults who re-entered fogger-treated homes. 

Epidemiological and Human Dosimetry Studies. Epidemiological studies of radiation dose typically involve estimates of exposure that are based on whole-body measurements of internally-deposited americium. A need remains for epidemiological data that can provide quantitative human dose-response information while supplying additional information on the health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and americium in particular, for cases of known internal exposure. 

Tissue distribution studies in pigmented Long-Evans rats to provide dosimetry to various tissues and organs are required to support human ADME with radiolabeled compound. Typically, these studies are limited to a single dose by the intended route of administration (PO, IV, etc.). The radioactivity levels in various tissues at different time points can be measured by quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) where sections of the... 

At all stages of medical care, the treatment of highly contaminated individuals will require special facilities or isolated facilities with the specif procedures that limit the spread of contamination and disposal of contaminated waste. For the deteetion of radioaetive eontam-ination, radiation equipment should be available, such as specialized radiation monitoring instruments, whole body counter, and iodine thyroid counter. Usually a radiation protection officer or health physicist performs the measurements. For the purpose of dose reeonstraction, different instruments and methods can be used, such as electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry and cytogenetic dosimetry. Because of this, collection of various tissues (blood, hair, and teeth) and clothes of exposed persons should be organized. Provisions (plastic bags, labels, etc.) should be made in advance. 

The purpose of the dose assessment for the public Uving in conditions of chronic (prolonged) radiation exposure is usually the justification of remedial actions that involve considerable expense associated with them. The doses of critical population groups should therefore be estimated on the basis of realistic, not screening, dosimetric models. To the extent possible, available data from environmental measurements and selective data from individual measurements, such as data from whole body counting for internal dosimetry and individual doses for external dosimetry, should be used to validate these models. 

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