White spot disease

Goldfish Carassius auratus) obtained from a local fish dealer were kept at 26 1 C in an aquarium. Caudal fins were obtained from the goldfish stricken with white spot disease. These samples were put on each slide glass, respectively, and a 50 mol/L RB solution (0.5 mL) were added on the each sample. The samples were exposed to visible light (CH2-100V30W, OLYMPUS) or kept in the dark for 30 through 60 min. Irradiation was carried out at 6000 lux. After irradiation, viability of... 

I. multifiliis that causes white spot disease to goldfish was observed under a microscope. 

There have been other examples where infected individuals have been removed to reduce the potential for an outbreak. For example in Thailand in the early 1990s tiger shrimp (P. monodon) affected with white spot disease were selectively removed from the culture ponds to prevent pond level outbreaks. Unfortunately evidence for the efficacy of this strategy is largely anecdotal. 

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REFERENCE LABORATORY (2008), European Community Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases leaflet White Spot Disease, available from http //www.crustaceancrl.eu/diseasesAVhiteSpot.pdf [accessed 10 October 2011]. 

STENTiFORD G D, BONAMi J R and ALDAY-SANZ V (2009), A ctitical review of susceptibility of crustaceans to Taura syndrome, yellowhead disease and white spot disease and imphcations of inclusion of these diseases in European legislation. Aquaculture, 291,1-2,1-17. 

White spot disease dsDNA virus White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) Penaeid shrimp... 

GAA (Global Aquaculture Alliance). 1999b. Shrimp white spot disease in Latin America an update. GAA Newsletter, vol. 2 issue 3. 

Liver-disease patients often display white spots on the skin, which are the size of a lentil (sometimes as large as 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter). They can be detected chiefly in the area of the arms, on the back and on the buttocks. Upon cooling of the skin, white spots appear or become more pronounced, so that a cold-related vasocontrac-tion is assumed to be the causative factor. In the predilection area of the spider naevi, the white spotting of the skin can be deemed a preliminary stage of liver star within the round white spot, a central red dot is formed, from which the typical spider naevus develops with a white areola. 

Leaves with powdery white spots, especially on upper surfaces. Cause Powdery mildew. As the disease progresses, leaves turn brown and dry, and plants may die. Treat plants with a dilute solution of copper spray to reduce the spread of the disease see the caution above before spraying. Prevent problems by planting resistant cultivars such as Hales Best Jumbo , Quick Sweet , and Starship . 

Anthracnose causes canes and leaves with gray spots surrounded by red or purple margins. Infected leaves have small yellowish white spots, the centers of which may dry and fall out. Sideshoots may wilt and entire canes may die. To help prevent this fungal disease, plant anthracnose-resistant cultivars, including Black Flawk , Jewel , Lowden , Mac Black, and Munger . See page 197 for an illustration of this disease. 

The exact origins of Rush s disease concept of Negritude were these. About 1798, white spots began to appear on the body of a Negro slave named Henry Moss. In three years, he was almost entirely white. Moss had the symptoms of an hereditary disease we now know as vitiligo. This condition, characterized by progressive loss of skin pigmentation, occurs in both white and colored people. In the United States, approximately one person in a hundred suffers from it. 

Traditional use The powdered tuber is used to treat scorpion and poisonous snake bites and is mixed with honey to treat fungal skin diseases and white spots on the skin of the neck. Bread made with tuber powder and sesame oil is prescribed (to be eaten) to treat hemorrhoids (Khahnatov 1964). 

IVaditional use A powder of roasted and ground fruits mixed with honey is used in folk medicine to dissolve renal and cystic stones and to treat skin diseases (for white spots on the skin). The powdered mber is applied to mouth injuries and for reddening of the tongue (Khatmatov 1964). 

The only other virus known in lobsters is the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which has been the causative disease agent of major pandemics in penaeid prawn culture systems. WSSV has been demonstrated to be present in gills, stomach, hepatopancreas and epidermis of P. versicolour, P penicillatus, P longipes and P ornatus in experimentally infected lobsters... 

POULOS, B.T., C.R. PANTOJA, D. BRADLEY-DUNLOP, J. AGUILAR, and D.V. LIGHTNER. 2001. Development and application of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of white spot syndrome virus of penaeid shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 47 13-23. 

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